Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'emolument'

English Word: emolument

Key Russian Translations:

• вознаграждение [vəznəɡrɐˈʐdʲenʲje] - [Formal, Singular]
• жалование [ʐɐləˈvanʲje] - [Formal, Singular, Often used in historical or official contexts]

Frequency: Medium (These words appear in professional, legal, or formal discussions but are not everyday vocabulary in casual conversation.)

Difficulty: Intermediate (B1-B2) - Learners at this level should understand basic noun inflections, but the formal register may require additional context practice. For "вознаграждение," it might be slightly more advanced due to its length and less common usage.

Pronunciation (Russian):

вознаграждение: [vəznəɡrɐˈʐdʲenʲje]

Note on вознаграждение: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("ʐdʲenʲje"), and the "zh" sound ([ʐ]) can be challenging for English speakers as it's similar to the "s" in "measure." Pronounce it smoothly without pausing.

жалование: [ʐɐləˈvanʲje]

Note on жалование: Stress on the second syllable ("vanʲje"); the initial "zh" sound ([ʐ]) is soft and palatalized, common in Russian nouns.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: Compensation or payment received for services, especially in a professional or official capacity.

Translation(s) & Context:

• вознаграждение - Used in formal or legal contexts, such as employment contracts or rewards for work. Context: Official documents or business discussions.
• жалование - Often refers to salary or stipend, especially in historical or governmental settings. Context: Military, civil service, or outdated references to income.

Usage Examples:

• Вознаграждение за выполненную работу было значительным. (Voznagrazhdeniye za vypolennuyu rabotu bylo znachitel'nym.)

  The emolument for the completed work was substantial. (This example shows the word in a professional context, emphasizing reward for effort.)

• Он получил жалование как государственный служащий. (On poluchil zhalovaniye kak gosudarstvennyy sluzhashchiy.)

  He received his emolument as a government employee. (Here, it highlights historical or official salary structures.)

• Компания предложила вознаграждение за инновационные идеи. (Kompaniya predlozhila voznagrazhdeniye za innovatsionnyye idei.)

  The company offered an emolument for innovative ideas. (Demonstrates use in modern business incentives.)

• Её жалование включало дополнительные бонусы. (Yeyo zhalovaniye vklyuchalo dopolnitel'nyye bonusy.)

  Her emolument included additional bonuses. (Illustrates how it can encompass extra payments in employment.)

• Вознаграждение за труд должно быть справедливым. (Voznagrazhdeniye za trud dolzhno byt' spravedlivym.)

  The emolument for labor should be fair. (Shows the word in discussions about equity in compensation.)

Secondary Meaning: Benefits or perks derived from a position, often with ethical implications.

Translation(s) & Context:

• вознаграждение - In ethical or legal debates, referring to undue benefits. Context: Anti-corruption discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Получение вознаграждения без работы считается коррупцией. (Poluchenie voznagrazhdeniya bez raboty schitaetsya korruptsiyey.)

  Receiving an emolument without work is considered corruption. (This example highlights ethical usage in a negative context.)

• Жалованье чиновника иногда включает скрытые вознаграждения. (Zhalovaniye chinovnika inogda vklyuchayet skrytyye voznagrazhdeniya.)

  A public official's emolument sometimes includes hidden rewards. (Combines words to show related concepts in governance.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "вознаграждение" and "жалование" are neuter nouns in Russian, following standard third-declension patterns. They are inflected based on case, number, and gender. Here is a breakdown:

These nouns do not change for gender but must agree in case with other words in the sentence. For verbs related to these (e.g., "получить" - to receive), they follow regular conjugation.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • оплата (oplata) - More general term for payment, often interchangeable in financial contexts.
  • зарплата (zarpalata) - Specifically for salary, with a modern, everyday connotation.
  • возмещение (vozmeshcheniye) - Compensation for losses, slightly more formal and specific.
• Antonyms:
  • штраф (shtraf) - Fine or penalty, implying a negative financial obligation.
  • убыток (ubytok) - Loss, contrasting with any form of gain.

Related Phrases:

• Получить вознаграждение - To receive an emolument (Used in contexts of earning rewards or payments).
• Жалованье в размере - Emolument in the amount of (Common in official salary announcements).
• Дополнительное вознаграждение - Additional emolument (Refers to bonuses or extras in employment).

Usage Notes:

"Emolument" translates most accurately to "вознаграждение" in formal English-Russian contexts, but "жалование" is better for historical or governmental salaries. Always consider the register: use these in professional writing rather than casual speech. For example, in Russian, nouns must agree in case, so pair them correctly with verbs like "получить" (to get). When choosing between translations, opt for "зарплата" if the context is modern employment, as it's more straightforward for learners.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "вознаграждение" interchangeably with "зарплата" without context. Correct: "Зарплата" is for regular salary, while "вознаграждение" implies a reward. Example of error: *Я получаю вознаграждение каждый месяц* (I get an emolument every month) - Better: Я получаю зарплату каждый месяц (I get a salary every month). Explanation: This confuses reward-based payment with routine income.

• Error: Incorrect inflection, e.g., using nominative in genitive contexts. Correct: In "без вознаграждения" (without emolument), it must be genitive. Example of error: *без вознаграждение* - Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, which English learners often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like "жалование" evoke historical contexts, such as the imperial era when it referred to civil servants' pay, often tied to loyalty and service. This can carry connotations of state control over income, contrasting with Western ideas of individual earnings, and is frequently discussed in literature like Dostoevsky's works.

Related Concepts:

• премия (premiya) - Bonus
• доход (dokhod) - Income
• коррупция (korruptsiya) - Corruption (especially in emolument ethics)