Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'emend'

English Word: emend

Key Russian Translations:

• исправить [ɪsˈpravʲɪtʲ] - [Verb, Formal, Used in written or edited contexts]
• редактировать [rʲɪˈdaktʲɪrəvətʲ] - [Verb, Neutral, Often applied to texts or documents]
• корректировать [kərʲɛktʲɪrəvətʲ] - [Verb, Informal, Emphasizes minor adjustments]

Frequency: Low (This word and its translations are not commonly used in everyday conversation but appear in academic, literary, or professional editing contexts.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; Requires understanding of verb conjugations and contextual usage in Russian, which may vary slightly across translations.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

исправить: [ɪsˈpravʲɪtʲ]

редактировать: [rʲɪˈdaktʲɪrəvətʲ]

корректировать: [kərʲɛktʲɪrəvətʲ]

Note on исправить: The stress is on the second syllable; be mindful of the soft sign (ʲ) which affects pronunciation in Russian.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To correct or improve a text (Primary meaning)

Translation(s) & Context:

• исправить - Used in formal editing or proofreading contexts, such as fixing errors in manuscripts.
• редактировать - Applied in broader contexts like journalism or publishing, implying structural changes.
• корректировать - Informal for making small tweaks, often in spoken language or casual writing.

Usage Examples:

• Я должен исправить ошибки в этом тексте. (I need to emend the errors in this text.)

  Translation: I need to correct the errors in this text.

• Редактор редактирует статью перед публикацией. (The editor emends the article before publication.)

  Translation: The editor corrects and improves the article before publication.

• Мне нужно корректировать перевод для большей точности. (I have to emend the translation for greater accuracy.)

  Translation: I have to adjust the translation to make it more precise.

• В университете студенты учатся исправлять свои эссе. (In university, students learn to emend their essays.)

  Translation: In university, students learn to correct their essays.

• Она корректирует рукопись, чтобы улучшить стиль. (She emends the manuscript to enhance the style.)

  Translation: She adjusts the manuscript to improve the style.

To make minor improvements (Secondary meaning)

Translation(s) & Context:

• исправить - In contexts involving refinement, like editing for clarity.
• корректировать - For subtle changes in non-textual contexts, e.g., data or plans.

Usage Examples:

• Инженер исправит чертеж, чтобы избежать ошибок. (The engineer will emend the blueprint to avoid mistakes.)

  Translation: The engineer will correct the blueprint to prevent errors.

• Корректировать план поможет нам сэкономить время. (Emending the plan will help us save time.)

  Translation: Adjusting the plan will help us save time.

• Редактировать видео для лучшего эффекта. (To emend the video for a better effect.)

  Translation: To edit the video for a better effect.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

All key translations are verbs and follow standard Russian conjugation patterns. For example, 'исправить' is a perfective verb, while 'редактировать' and 'корректировать' are imperfective. Below is a table for 'исправить' as a representative example:

Note: 'Редактировать' and 'корректировать' follow similar imperfective patterns but may have slight variations in aspect usage.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: улучшить (uluchshit') - More general improvement; доработать (dorabotat') - To refine further.
• Antonyms: испортить (isportit') - To spoil or damage; оставить как есть (ostavit' kak est') - To leave as is, implying no change.

Related Phrases:

• Исправить ошибку - To fix a mistake; Common in educational or professional settings.
• Редактировать текст - To edit text; Used in writing and publishing.
• Корректировать данные - To adjust data; Often in scientific or technical contexts.

Usage Notes:

'Emend' corresponds most closely to 'исправить' in formal contexts, but 'редактировать' is preferred for broader editing tasks. Be aware of aspect differences: 'исправить' is perfective (completed action), while 'редактировать' is imperfective (ongoing). In spoken Russian, 'корректировать' might sound more modern or borrowed. Choose based on context to avoid awkwardness.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'исправить' for ongoing actions, e.g., "Я исправить текст" instead of "Я исправляю текст". Correct: The imperfective form 'исправлять' should be used for continuous actions. Explanation: Russian verbs have aspects, and mixing them can confuse tense and completion.
• Error: Confusing with 'редактировать' in minor fixes, e.g., saying "Я редактирую мелкую ошибку" when 'корректировать' is more appropriate. Correct: Use 'корректировать' for adjustments; 'редактировать' implies comprehensive changes.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, editing and correcting texts hold significant value in literature and academia, influenced by the country's rich literary heritage. For instance, famous Russian authors like Tolstoy often had their works 'emended' extensively, reflecting a cultural emphasis on precision in language.

Related Concepts:

• редакция (redaktsiya) - Edition or editorial office
• корректура (korrektura) - Proofreading
• улучшение (uluchsheniye) - Improvement