Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'elicit'

English Word: elicit

Key Russian Translations:

• вызывать (/vɨˈzɨvətʲ/) - [Formal, commonly used in written and spoken contexts for evoking a response]
• вытягивать (/vɨˈtʲaɡʲɪvətʲ/) - [Informal, used when implying a more physical or effortful extraction of information]

Frequency: Medium (This verb is commonly encountered in educational, psychological, and conversational contexts in Russian, but not as ubiquitous as everyday words like "сказать").

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugation and context-specific usage. For 'вызывать', it's B2; for 'вытягивать', it might lean towards B1 due to its more straightforward application.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

вызывать: /vɨˈzɨvətʲ/ (The stress is on the second syllable; note the soft 'тʲ' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers due to the palatalization.)

Note on вызывать: The pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech, where the 'ы' sound (/ɨ/) can soften; practice with native speakers to master the rolling 'r' and palatal consonants.

Audio: []

вытягивать: /vɨˈtʲaɡʲɪvətʲ/ (Emphasize the stressed second syllable; the 'гʲ' is palatalized, making it sound softer than in English equivalents.)

Note on вытягивать: This word often has a more emphatic pronunciation in informal settings, with a stronger emphasis on the initial 'в' sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To draw out a response, fact, or reaction from someone (e.g., in interviews or discussions).

Translation(s) & Context:

• вызывать - Used in formal contexts like psychology or education, where a deliberate effort is made to provoke a response.
• вытягивать - Applied in informal or everyday situations, implying effort to extract information, such as in casual conversations.

Usage Examples:

• Врач старается вызвать откровенный ответ от пациента во время консультации. (The doctor tries to elicit an honest response from the patient during the consultation.)

  English: The doctor tries to elicit an honest response from the patient during the consultation.

• Журналист вытягивает подробности из свидетей, чтобы раскрыть всю историю. (The journalist elicits details from witnesses to uncover the full story.)

  English: The journalist elicits details from witnesses to uncover the full story.

• Учитель использует вопросы, чтобы вызвать интерес у учеников к теме урока. (The teacher uses questions to elicit interest from students in the lesson topic.)

  English: The teacher uses questions to elicit interest from students in the lesson topic.

• В неформальной беседе друг вытягивает признание о секрете. (In an informal chat, a friend elicits a confession about a secret.)

  English: In an informal chat, a friend elicits a confession about a secret.

• Психолог вызывает эмоциональную реакцию, чтобы помочь клиенту разобраться в проблеме. (The psychologist elicits an emotional reaction to help the client sort through the issue.)

  English: The psychologist elicits an emotional reaction to help the client sort through the issue.

Meaning 2: To bring about or provoke something indirectly (e.g., a reaction or effect).

Translation(s) & Context:

• вызывать - Common in scientific or abstract contexts, such as causing a reaction in experiments.
• вытягивать - Less common here, but used metaphorically for drawing out hidden effects.

Usage Examples:

• Эксперимент был designed to вызвать химическую реакцию в лабораторных условиях. (The experiment was designed to elicit a chemical reaction in laboratory conditions.)

  English: The experiment was designed to elicit a chemical reaction in laboratory conditions.

• Речь политика вытягивает поддержку от аудитории во время митинга. (The politician's speech elicits support from the audience during the rally.)

  English: The politician's speech elicits support from the audience during the rally.

• Книга вызывает размышления о жизни, заставляя читателя задуматься. (The book elicits reflections on life, making the reader ponder.)

  English: The book elicits reflections on life, making the reader ponder.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'вызывать' and 'вытягивать' are imperfective verbs in Russian, which means they describe ongoing or repeated actions. They follow regular conjugation patterns for first-conjugation verbs, but 'вызывать' has some irregularities in certain forms due to its root.

Note: These verbs also have perfective counterparts ('вызвать' for вызывать and 'вытянуть' for вытягивать), which indicate completed actions. They do not change in gender or number like nouns do.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • провоцировать (provotsirovat') - More intense, implying deliberate provocation.
  • выявлять (vyyavlyat') - Focuses on revealing or uncovering.
• Antonyms:
  • скрывать (skryvat') - To hide or conceal.
  • подавлять (podavlyat') - To suppress or inhibit.

Related Phrases:

• Вызывать интерес (vyzyvat' interes) - To elicit interest; a common phrase in educational or marketing contexts.
• Вытягивать информацию (vytjagivat' informatsiyu) - To elicit information; used in investigative or casual settings to mean drawing out details.
• Вызывать эмоции (vyzyvat' emotsii) - To elicit emotions; often in artistic or psychological discussions.

Usage Notes:

'Вызывать' is the most direct equivalent to 'elicit' in formal Russian, especially for abstract or emotional responses, while 'вытягивать' is better for informal, effort-based contexts. English speakers should note that Russian verbs require conjugation based on subject (e.g., person and number), which 'elicit' does not. Use 'вызывать' in professional settings like interviews, and avoid it in overly casual speech where 'вытягивать' might feel more natural. When choosing between translations, consider the intensity: 'вызывать' is neutral, while 'вытягивать' implies struggle.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'вызывать' without proper conjugation, e.g., saying "Я вызывать" instead of "Я вызываю". Correct: Always conjugate based on subject; this error stems from treating Russian verbs like English infinitives. Explanation: Russian requires agreement with the subject for grammatical accuracy.
• Mistake: Confusing 'вызывать' with 'вызывать болезнь' (to cause illness), leading to misuse in non-medical contexts. Correct: In the sense of 'elicit', pair it with words like 'ответ' (response). Explanation: Context is key; English learners often overlook semantic nuances.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'вызывать' can carry a subtle connotation of probing or interrogation, often linked to historical contexts such as Soviet-era interviews. This makes it a sensitive term in discussions involving personal revelation, emphasizing the importance of trust in communication.

Related Concepts:

• провокация (provokatsiya)
• реакция (reaktsiya)
• интервью (interv'yu)