Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'endure'

English Word: endure

Key Russian Translations:

• выдерживать [vɨˈdʐɛrʲɪvətʲ] - [Formal, often used for enduring hardship or challenges]
• терпеть [ˈtʲerpʲɪtʲ] - [Informal, commonly used in everyday contexts for tolerating discomfort]

Frequency: Medium (The verb is frequently encountered in literature, conversations about resilience, and daily life, but not as common as basic verbs like "to be" or "to go".)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; involves understanding verb conjugations and context-specific usage. For "выдерживать", it may lean towards B2 due to irregular aspects, while "терпеть" is more straightforward at B1.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

выдерживать: [vɨˈdʐɛrʲɪvətʲ]

Note on выдерживать: This verb has stress on the third syllable ("dʐɛrʲ"), which can be tricky for learners as Russian stress is not always predictable. Pay attention to the soft 'r' sound.

Audio: []

терпеть: [ˈtʲerpʲɪtʲ]

Note on терпеть: The initial 'tʲ' is a palatalized 't', common in Russian, which sounds softer and is often challenging for English speakers. Stress is on the first syllable.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To suffer something painful or difficult patiently

Translation(s) & Context:

• выдерживать - Used in formal or serious contexts, such as enduring physical or emotional pain, e.g., in medical or philosophical discussions.
• терпеть - Applied in informal, everyday situations, like tolerating annoyance or waiting patiently.

Usage Examples:

• Он выдерживает сильную боль без жалоб.

  He endures strong pain without complaints. (Shows 'endure' in a formal context of physical suffering.)

• Мы терпим это плохое погоду, чтобы закончить поход.

  We endure this bad weather to finish the hike. (Illustrates informal usage in an outdoor, everyday scenario.)

• Она выдерживает критику от коллег на работе.

  She endures criticism from colleagues at work. (Demonstrates endurance in a professional setting with 'выдерживать'.)

• Дети терпят шум от стройки рядом с домом.

  The children endure the noise from the construction site next to the house. (Highlights tolerance in a domestic context with 'терпеть'.)

• Во время войны солдаты выдерживают невероятные трудности.

  During the war, soldiers endure incredible hardships. (Emphasizes prolonged suffering in a historical or intense context.)

To continue to exist or last over time

Translation(s) & Context:

• выдерживать - In contexts implying resilience or durability, such as enduring time or conditions.
• терпеть - Less common for this meaning, but can be used metaphorically for lasting through boredom or repetition.

Usage Examples:

• Этот мост выдерживает погодные условия уже сто лет.

  This bridge endures weather conditions for already a hundred years. (Shows endurance in a literal, structural sense.)

• Я терплю monotonous работу, чтобы сохранить стабильность.

  I endure monotonous work to maintain stability. (Informal example of lasting through routine.)

• Книга выдерживает испытание временем.

  The book endures the test of time. (Abstract usage in cultural or literary contexts.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "выдерживать" and "терпеть" are imperfective verbs in Russian, which means they express ongoing or repeated actions. Russian verbs change based on tense, aspect, person, number, and gender. "Выдерживать" is irregular in some conjugations, while "терпеть" follows more standard patterns.

Note: These verbs do not change for gender in the present tense but do in the past. They are aspectual pairs with perfective forms ("выдержать" for выдерживать and "понести" or similar for терпеть in some contexts).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • сносить (snosit' - to bear or put up with, often interchangeable with терпеть in informal settings)
  • переносить (perenosit' - to endure or carry through, with a connotation of transferring burden)
• Antonyms:
  • не выдерживать (ne vydzerzhivat' - to not endure, implying failure to cope)
  • избегать (izbegat' - to avoid, opposite in the sense of not facing hardship)

Related Phrases:

• выдержать до конца - To endure until the end (Used in motivational or challenging contexts, implying perseverance through adversity.)
• терпеть неудачу - To endure failure (Common in discussions of resilience, with a focus on coping with setbacks.)
• выдерживать критику - To endure criticism (A phrase for professional or personal development scenarios.)

Usage Notes:

Choose "выдерживать" for more formal or enduring situations, as it aligns closely with the English "endure" in contexts of resilience or longevity, while "терпеть" is better for informal, immediate tolerance. Be mindful of aspect: use imperfective for ongoing actions and perfective (e.g., "выдержать") for completed ones. In Russian, these verbs often require prepositions like "под" or "в" to specify what is being endured, which has no direct English equivalent.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Confusing the imperfective and perfective aspects, e.g., using "выдерживать" when "выдержать" is needed for a completed action. Correct: Instead of saying "Я выдерживать экзамен" (incorrect), say "Я выдержал экзамен" for a finished endurance. Explanation: Russian verbs must match the aspect to the context to avoid ambiguity.
• Mistake: Overusing "терпеть" in formal writing, where "выдерживать" is more appropriate. Correct: Use "терпеть" in casual speech but switch to "выдерживать" in essays. Explanation: This can make the language sound too colloquial in professional settings.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, concepts like "выдерживать" often tie into themes of stoicism and resilience, influenced by historical events such as wars and harsh winters. For instance, enduring hardship is a celebrated trait in Russian literature (e.g., in Tolstoy's works), symbolizing national character and moral strength.

Related Concepts:

• стойкость (stoikost' - resilience)
• терпение (terpenie - patience)
• преодолевать (preodolevati - to overcome)