Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'each'

English Word: each

Key Russian Translations:

• каждый [ˈkɑʒdɨj] - [Adjective, used for singular items in a group]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in everyday conversations and written texts)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, as it involves basic adjective declension; suitable for learners with some grasp of Russian grammar)

Pronunciation (Russian):

каждый: [ˈkɑʒdɨj]

Note on каждый: The stress is on the first syllable. The 'ж' sound is a voiced palatal fricative, which may be challenging for English speakers similar to the 's' in "measure." Pronunciation can vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Each (referring to every one of two or more people or things, individually)

Translation(s) & Context:

• каждый - Used in formal and informal contexts to emphasize individuality within a group, such as in lists or distributions.

Usage Examples:

• Каждый студент должен сдать задание вовремя.

  Each student must submit the assignment on time.

• В классе каждый ребенок имеет свою парту.

  In the class, each child has their own desk.

• Каждый день мы ходим в парк.

  Each day, we go to the park.

• Каждый из участников получил приз.

  Each of the participants received a prize.

• В магазине каждый товар проверяется на качество.

  In the store, each item is checked for quality.

Meaning 2: Each (as in per unit, e.g., in pricing or measurements)

Translation(s) & Context:

• каждый - Often used in commercial or quantitative contexts, such as pricing per item.

Usage Examples:

• Цена за каждый билет — 100 рублей.

  The price for each ticket is 100 rubles.

• Каждый метр ткани стоит 50 рублей.

  Each meter of fabric costs 50 rubles.

• За каждый час работы платят дополнительно.

  They pay extra for each hour of work.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Каждый" is an adjective and follows standard Russian adjective declension patterns. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. It is not irregular but requires attention to its endings based on context.

Note: The base form "каждый" changes based on the noun's gender and case, making it versatile but requiring practice for accuracy.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • всякий (vsyaky) - More general, implying "any" or "every," but with a nuance of variety; used in formal contexts.
  • каждая (kazhdaya) - Feminine form, essentially the same as каждый but gender-specific.
• Antonyms:
  • ни один (ni odin) - Means "none" or "not a single one," used to negate the idea of "each."
  • все (vse) - Means "all," contrasting with the individual focus of "each."

Related Phrases:

• Каждый день (kazhdyy den) - Every day; a common phrase for daily routines.
• Каждый раз (kazhdyy raz) - Every time; used to describe repeated events.
• Каждый год (kazhdyy god) - Every year; often in scheduling or annual events.

Usage Notes:

"Каждый" directly corresponds to "each" in English but must agree with the noun in gender, number, and case, unlike English adjectives. It's versatile for both formal and informal settings but is most common in written Russian or educational contexts. When choosing between translations, use "каждый" for emphasis on individuality, especially in lists or distributions. Be cautious with word order in sentences, as Russian typically places adjectives before the noun.

• In questions or negatives, it can pair with words like "не" for "not each."
• Avoid overusing it in casual speech; natives might opt for simpler structures.

Common Errors:

One common mistake is failing to decline "каждый" correctly with the noun, e.g., saying "каждый студенты" instead of "каждый студент" (for nominative masculine singular). Correct usage: Use the proper form, like "каждого студента" in genitive. Another error is confusing it with "все" (all), leading to incorrect emphasis—e.g., incorrectly using "все студенты" when "each student" is intended. Explanation: Russian requires precise agreement to avoid ambiguity, so always check the noun's case before using "каждый."

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, phrases like "каждый день" often reflect the value placed on routine and collective experiences in daily life, such as in literature by authors like Tolstoy, where individual actions within a community are highlighted. This word doesn't carry strong historical connotations but underscores the language's precision in describing personal versus group dynamics.

Related Concepts:

• все (vse) - All
• любой (lyuboy) - Any
• отдельный (otdelnyy) - Separate or individual