Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'dumps'

English Word: dumps

Key Russian Translations:

• свалка [ˈsvalkə] - [Informal, Common for waste disposal sites]
• мусорная свалка [ˈmusornəjə ˈsvalkə] - [Formal, Emphasizes garbage aspect]

Frequency: Medium (The term is commonly used in everyday conversations about waste management, but not as ubiquitous as basic vocabulary.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; learners at this level should grasp basic noun forms and contexts, though inflection patterns may require practice.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

свалка: [ˈsvalkə]

Note on свалка: The stress is on the first syllable. The 'л' is pronounced softly, which is a common feature in Russian nouns. Be mindful of the vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.

мусорная свалка: [ˈmusornəjə ˈsvalkə]

Note on мусорная свалка: This compound phrase maintains the stress on the first syllable of each word. The adjective 'мусорная' agrees in gender, number, and case with 'свалка'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A site where waste or rubbish is deposited.

Translation(s) & Context:

• свалка - Used in informal or neutral contexts when referring to a general waste dump in urban or rural settings.
• мусорная свалка - Applied in more formal or official contexts, such as environmental discussions or reports.

Usage Examples:

• В городе есть старая свалка, где собирают бытовой мусор.

  In the city, there is an old dump where household waste is collected.

• Мусорная свалка на окраине представляет опасность для окружающей среды.

  The garbage dump on the outskirts poses a danger to the environment.

• Люди часто жалуются на запах от свалки в летние месяцы.

  People often complain about the smell from the dump during the summer months.

• Городские власти планируют закрыть эту свалку и построить современный полигон.

  City authorities plan to close this dump and build a modern landfill.

• На свалке можно найти интересные вещи, если поискать внимательно.

  At the dump, you can find interesting items if you look carefully.

Meaning 2: Informally, to discard or get rid of something (though 'dumps' as a verb might align differently; here, focusing on noun form).

Translation(s) & Context:

• свалка - In metaphorical or slang contexts, implying discarding items carelessly.

Usage Examples:

• Не превращай свою комнату в свалку ненужных вещей!

  Don't turn your room into a dump of unnecessary things!

• Эта свалка документов в офисе мешает работать эффективно.

  This dump of documents in the office hinders efficient work.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

The primary translation 'свалка' is a feminine noun (3rd declension). It follows regular patterns for Russian feminine nouns ending in -а. Below is a table of its inflections:

For 'мусорная свалка', the adjective 'мусорная' inflects according to agreement rules. In singular nominative: мусорная свалка; in genitive: мусорной свалки, etc. It remains unchanged in plural forms when used as a phrase.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • полигон (polygon) - More formal, often for organized landfills.
  • мусоросвалка (musorosvalka) - Similar to мусорная свалка, with a slight emphasis on waste.
• Antonyms:
  • чистота (chistota) - Cleanliness, implying the opposite of a dump.
  • парк (park) - A clean, recreational area, contrasting with waste sites.

Related Phrases:

• мусорная свалка отходов - Garbage dump of waste; refers to a site for industrial or household refuse.
• нелегальная свалка - Illegal dump; used in contexts of environmental violations.
• свалка бытовых отходов - Household waste dump; common in urban planning discussions.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'свалка' directly corresponds to the English 'dump' as a noun for waste sites, but it can also metaphorically mean a messy pile. Choose 'мусорная свалка' for formal writing to add specificity. Be aware of grammatical agreement: adjectives like 'мусорная' must match the noun in case, number, and gender. In spoken language, it's neutral but can sound informal, so use in appropriate contexts to avoid sounding casual in professional settings.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'свалка' without proper inflection, e.g., saying "в свалка" instead of "в свалке" (prepositional case).

  Correct: в свалке (in the dump). Explanation: Russian nouns require case endings based on their role in the sentence; ignoring this leads to grammatical errors.

• Error: Confusing 'свалка' with 'свалить' (to dump as a verb), leading to misuse in sentences.

  Correct: For the verb, use 'свалить мусор' (to dump garbage). Explanation: 'Dumps' as a noun is static; ensure you're not mixing it with verbal forms.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, 'свалка' often evokes discussions on environmental issues, such as improper waste management in cities like Moscow. Historically, with rapid industrialization, many unregulated dumps contributed to pollution, influencing modern eco-movements. This term carries a connotation of neglect, reflecting broader cultural attitudes toward sustainability.

Related Concepts:

• экология (ecology)
• переработка (recycling)
• мусор (garbage)