Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'dose'

English Word: dose

Key Russian Translations:

• доза [ˈdo.zə] - [Formal, used in medical and scientific contexts]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in health, medicine, and everyday conversations about prescriptions)

Difficulty: B1 Intermediate (Requires basic understanding of Russian nouns and cases, as per CEFR standards)

Pronunciation (Russian):

доза: [ˈdo.zə] (The stress is on the first syllable; the 'o' is pronounced like in "door," and the 'a' at the end is a schwa sound)

Note on доза: Be cautious with the soft sign (ъ) in related words; it can affect pronunciation in derivatives. For beginners, practice the vowel sounds to avoid common mispronunciations like stressing the wrong syllable.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

A quantity of a medicine or drug taken or administered

Translation(s) & Context:

• доза - Used in formal medical, pharmaceutical, or everyday health discussions, often implying a measured amount for safety.

Usage Examples:

• Врач прописал пациенту ежедневную дозу витаминов для укрепления иммунитета.

  The doctor prescribed the patient a daily dose of vitamins to boost immunity. (This example shows the noun in a nominative case within a medical prescription context.)

• Переизбыток дозы лекарства может привести к побочным эффектам, поэтому следуйте инструкциям.

  An excess dose of medication can lead to side effects, so follow the instructions. (Here, "дозы" is in the genitive case, demonstrating possession or quantity.)

• В эксперименте мы измерили точную дозу химических веществ для достижения желаемого результата.

  In the experiment, we measured the exact dose of chemicals to achieve the desired result. (This illustrates use in a scientific context, with "дозу" in the accusative case.)

• Дети должны получать дозу физической активности ежедневно, чтобы оставаться здоровыми.

  Children should receive a dose of physical activity daily to stay healthy. (This example extends the metaphor beyond medicine, showing "дозу" in the accusative case for metaphorical usage.)

• После приема дозы антибиотиков, симптомы инфекции начали уменьшаться.

  After taking the dose of antibiotics, the infection symptoms began to decrease. (This demonstrates the noun in a post-action context, with "дозы" in the genitive case.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Доза" is a feminine noun of the first declension in Russian. It follows regular patterns for most cases but requires attention to endings based on number and case. Below is a table of its inflections for singular and plural forms:

Note: This word does not have irregular inflections, making it straightforward for learners, but always check context for correct case usage.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: порция (portion, often used interchangeably in casual contexts but implies a serving size); количество (amount, more general and less specific to medicine).
• Порция might be preferred in everyday language for food or non-medical doses, while доза is more precise for pharmaceuticals.
• Antonyms: There are no direct antonyms, but concepts like "недостаток" (shortage) could contrast in discussions of dosage.

Related Phrases:

• Ежедневная доза - Daily dose (Used in health routines, e.g., for vitamins or exercise).
• Летальная доза - Lethal dose (Refers to a dangerous or fatal amount in medical or toxicological contexts).
• Поддерживающая доза - Maintenance dose (Common in long-term treatments, implying a sustained level of medication).

Usage Notes:

"Доза" directly corresponds to the English "dose" in medical and scientific contexts, emphasizing a precise, measured quantity. It is typically used in formal settings, such as prescriptions or lab reports, and is a feminine noun that must agree in gender, number, and case with other words in the sentence. For English speakers, remember that Russian requires explicit case endings, so avoid direct word-for-word translations. When choosing between synonyms like "порция," opt for "доза" if the context involves regulated substances. In informal speech, Russians might use diminutives like "дозка" for affection, but this is rare.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using the wrong case, e.g., saying "Я взял доза" instead of "Я взял дозу" (accusative case required after verbs of taking).
  Correct: Я взял дозу антибиотиков. (Explanation: Russian verbs govern specific cases, so "взял" requires accusative for the direct object.)
• Error: Confusing with synonyms, e.g., using "порция" for a medical dose, which might sound casual or incorrect in professional contexts.
  Correct: Use "доза" for accuracy; "порция" is better for food portions. (Explanation: This can lead to misunderstandings in medical discussions.)
• Error: Forgetting gender agreement, e.g., "Эта доз очень сильный" instead of "Эта доза очень сильная."
  Correct: Эта доза очень сильная. (Explanation: As a feminine noun, adjectives must end in -ая or similar forms.)

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the concept of "доза" often ties into broader health practices influenced by Soviet-era medicine, where precise dosing was emphasized for public health campaigns. For instance, during health education in schools, children learn about "daily doses" of nutrients, reflecting a cultural focus on preventive care and state-supported healthcare systems.

Related Concepts:

• лекарство (medicine)
• витамины (vitamins)
• антибиотики (antibiotics)