Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'dosage'

English Word: dosage

Key Russian Translations:

• доза /ˈdo.zə/ - [Formal, Medical]
• дозировка /də.zʲiˈrov.kə/ - [Formal, Scientific/Technical]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in medical, pharmaceutical, and scientific contexts, but less frequent in everyday conversation).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of basic Russian nouns and medical vocabulary; "доза" is straightforward, while "дозировка" may need more context for beginners).

Pronunciation (Russian):

доза: /ˈdo.zə/ (The stress is on the first syllable; the "o" sounds like the 'o' in "go", and the final "a" is a soft schwa sound.)

Note on доза: Be careful with the soft "z" sound, which can be challenging for English speakers; it's similar to the 'z' in "azure".

дозировка: /də.zʲiˈrov.kə/ (Stress on the third syllable; the "й" indicates a palatalized "z", making it softer, and the ending "ка" is pronounced lightly.)

Note on дозировка: This word has a more complex structure; the palatalization (softening) of consonants is a key feature in Russian pronunciation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: The amount of a medicine, substance, or drug to be taken at one time or over a period.

Translation(s) & Context:

• доза - Used in general medical contexts, such as prescribing medication; formal and precise in healthcare settings.
• дозировка - Employed in technical or instructional contexts, like drug packaging or scientific instructions; implies a measured or regulated amount.

Usage Examples:

• Врач прописал мне двойную дозу антибиотика для быстрого выздоровления.

  The doctor prescribed me a double dosage of antibiotics for a quick recovery.

• Правильная дозировка витаминов важна, чтобы избежать переизбытка.

  The correct dosage of vitamins is important to avoid excess.

• Не превышайте рекомендованную дозу лекарства без консультации специалиста.

  Do not exceed the recommended dosage of the medicine without consulting a specialist.

• В инструкции указано, что дозировка должна корректироваться в зависимости от возраста.

  The instructions state that the dosage should be adjusted based on age.

• Ежедневная доза кофеина не должна превышать 400 мг для взрослых.

  The daily dosage of caffeine should not exceed 400 mg for adults.

Secondary Meaning: A specific measure or quantity in non-medical contexts, such as in chemistry or cooking.

Translation(s) & Context:

• доза - Less common, but used metaphorically for measured amounts in everyday or informal scientific discussions.

Usage Examples:

• В рецепте указано добавить дозу соли для вкуса.

  The recipe specifies to add a dosage of salt for flavor.

• Химик тщательно контролировал дозу реагентов в эксперименте.

  The chemist carefully controlled the dosage of reagents in the experiment.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "доза" and "дозировка" are feminine nouns in Russian, which means they follow standard feminine declension patterns. "Доза" is a first-declension noun with regular inflections, while "дозировка" is also regular but can vary slightly in technical contexts.

Note: These are regular inflections; no irregularities, but pay attention to the soft endings in certain cases.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • количество (količestvo) - quantity; more general and can be used interchangeably in non-medical contexts.
  • норма (nórna) - norm or standard amount; implies a regulated measure.
• Antonyms:
  • переизбыток (pereizbytok) - excess; used when the amount is too much.
  • недостаток (nedostátok) - deficiency; opposite in terms of insufficient quantity.

Related Phrases:

• Рекомендованная доза (Rekomendovannaya doza) - Recommended dosage; used in medical advice or instructions.
• Ежедневная дозировка (Ezhednevnaya dozírovka) - Daily dosage; common in prescription contexts.
• Превышение дозы (Prevysheniye dozy) - Overdosage; refers to exceeding the safe amount, with a warning connotation.

Usage Notes:

"Доза" is the most direct translation for "dosage" in everyday medical scenarios and is preferred for simplicity, while "дозировка" is better for technical or instructional uses, such as in pharmacology. English speakers should note that Russian often requires the appropriate case based on sentence structure; for example, use the genitive case after prepositions like "of". Choose between translations based on context: "доза" for a single instance and "дозировка" for a regimen. Always consider formality, as both are neutral but lean formal.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "доза" interchangeably with "дозировка" without context, leading to confusion in technical writing. Correct: In a recipe, "доза" might work, but in drug labels, use "дозировка". Example of error: "Возьмите доза витаминов" (incorrect genitive); Correct: "Возьмите дозу витаминов".

• Error: Forgetting inflections, e.g., saying "в доза" instead of "в дозе". Explanation: Russian requires the prepositional case; always check the case for proper grammar.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, precise "dosage" is emphasized in healthcare due to historical influences from Soviet-era medicine, where standardized treatments were common. Words like "доза" can carry connotations of caution, reflecting a cultural emphasis on avoiding excess in daily life, such as in diet or medication.

Related Concepts:

• лекарство (lekárstvo) - medicine
• лечение (lechéniye) - treatment
• аптека (aptéka) - pharmacy