Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'disparity'

English Word: disparity

Key Russian Translations:

• несоответствие [nʲɪsɐɐtvʲɛtstviɪ] - [Formal, used in contexts of inconsistency or mismatch]
• различие [rəzlʲɪt͡ɕɪje] - [General, everyday usage for differences]
• неравенство [nʲɪrəvʲɪnstvə] - [Formal, specifically for inequality, such as social or economic disparities]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its translations are commonly encountered in formal writing, discussions on inequality, or academic contexts, but not in casual conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of abstract concepts and Russian noun declensions. For 'несоответствие' and 'неравенство', difficulty may reach C1 due to their formal and complex structures.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

несоответствие: [nʲɪsɐɐtvʲɛtstviɪ]

Note on несоответствие: This word has a long structure with emphasis on the first syllable; the 'щ' sound is soft and may challenge English speakers. Practice the palatalization of consonants.

различие: [rəzlʲɪt͡ɕɪje]

Note on различие: The 'ч' sound is similar to the English 'ch' in 'church', but ensure it's soft and integrated smoothly.

неравенство: [nʲɪrəvʲɪnstvə]

Note on неравенство: Stress falls on the third syllable; be cautious with the vowel reductions common in Russian.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. General difference or inconsistency

Translation(s) & Context:

• несоответствие - Used in formal or technical contexts to describe a mismatch, such as in data or expectations.
• различие - Applied in everyday or scientific discussions for basic differences, like in opinions or characteristics.

Usage Examples:

• В экономике часто наблюдается несоответствие между спросом и предложением.

  In economics, a disparity between supply and demand is often observed.

• Это различие в зарплатах вызывает недовольство среди сотрудников.

  This disparity in salaries causes dissatisfaction among employees.

• Несоответствие данных в отчётах может привести к ошибкам в анализе.

  A disparity in the data from reports can lead to errors in analysis.

• Различие в культурных традициях делает мир разнообразным.

  The disparity in cultural traditions makes the world diverse.

2. Social or economic inequality

Translation(s) & Context:

• неравенство - Employed in social, political, or economic contexts to highlight unfair differences, such as income disparity.
• несоответствие - Sometimes used metaphorically for unequal opportunities.

Usage Examples:

• Неравенство в образовании остаётся серьёзной проблемой в многих странах.

  Disparity in education remains a serious issue in many countries.

• Это несоответствие в распределении ресурсов усугубляет социальное неравенство.

  This disparity in resource distribution exacerbates social inequality.

• Неравенство полов всё ещё существует в некоторых профессиях.

  Gender disparity still exists in certain professions.

• Правительство борется с несоответствием в доходах населения.

  The government is fighting the disparity in population incomes.

• Различие в доступе к здравоохранению приводит к неравенству.

  Disparity in access to healthcare leads to inequality.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

All key translations are nouns and follow standard Russian declension patterns. 'Несоответствие' and 'неравенство' are neuter nouns, while 'различие' is also neuter. They exhibit regular inflection for cases and numbers.

These nouns do not have irregular forms but require attention to vowel reductions in spoken Russian.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • разница (raznitsa) - More casual synonym for 'различие', often used in everyday contexts.
  • диспропорция (disproportsiya) - Emphasizes imbalance, similar to 'несоответствие' in formal settings.
• Antonyms:
  • сходство (skhodstvo) - Similarity, contrasting with any form of disparity.
  • равенство (ravnostvo) - Equality, directly opposing 'неравенство'.

Related Phrases:

• значительное несоответствие - Significant disparity; used to describe major inconsistencies in data or situations.
• социальное неравенство - Social disparity; common in discussions about inequality in society.
• экономическое различие - Economic disparity; refers to differences in wealth or resources.

Usage Notes:

'Disparity' translates most accurately to 'несоответствие' in contexts of mismatch or inconsistency, while 'неравенство' is ideal for social or economic inequality. English users should note that Russian nouns like these require declension based on case (e.g., genitive for possession). In formal writing, prefer 'несоответствие' over 'различие' for precision. Be cautious with word order in sentences, as Russian often places the verb at the end.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'несоответствие' with 'различие': Learners might use 'различие' in formal contexts where 'несоответствие' is more appropriate. Incorrect: "Экономическое различие в данных" (too casual). Correct: "Экономическое несоответствие в данных" – This ensures a precise match for 'disparity' as inconsistency.

• Forgetting declension: English speakers often forget to change the noun ending, e.g., saying "из-за несоответствие" instead of "из-за несоответствия" (genitive case). Explanation: Russian requires agreement with prepositions and cases for grammatical accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and discourse, terms like 'неравенство' often carry connotations of historical inequalities, such as those from the Soviet era or post-Soviet economic reforms. For instance, discussions of social disparity may reference events like the 1990s privatization, highlighting how language reflects ongoing societal debates on fairness and equity.

Related Concepts:

• дискриминация (diskriminatsiya)
• несправедливость (nespravedlivost')
• баланс (balans)