Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'dislodge'

English Word: dislodge

Key Russian Translations:

• вытеснить /vɨˈtʲesʲnʲitʲ/ - [Formal, often used in military or abstract contexts]
• сдвинуть /sʲdʲiˈnutʲ/ - [Informal, typically for physical displacement]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in literature and everyday discussions about movement or removal)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, as it involves understanding verb conjugations and context; вытеснить may be slightly more advanced at B2 due to its formal connotations)

Pronunciation (Russian):

вытеснить: /vɨˈtʲesʲnʲitʲ/

Note on вытеснить: The stress falls on the third syllable ("tʲesʲ"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the palatalized consonants. Practice with native audio for accuracy.

сдвинуть: /sʲdʲiˈnutʲ/

Note on сдвинуть: The initial "sʲ" is a soft s sound, similar to "sy" in "syrup," and the stress is on the second syllable. Common in casual speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To force something out of its position (e.g., physically or metaphorically)

Translation(s) & Context:

• вытеснить - Used in formal contexts, such as military strategies or abstract discussions, to imply strategic removal.
• сдвинуть - Applied in everyday, informal scenarios, like moving an object physically.

Usage Examples:

• Войска вытеснили противника из окопов во время битвы.

  The troops dislodged the enemy from the trenches during the battle. (Demonstrates formal, military context with verb in past tense.)

• Мне пришлось сдвинуть ящик, чтобы освободить место.

  I had to dislodge the box to free up space. (Shows informal, physical action in a domestic setting.)

• Политические реформы вытеснили коррумпированных чиновников из власти.

  Political reforms dislodged the corrupt officials from power. (Illustrates metaphorical use in a societal context.)

• Дети сдвинули камень, чтобы увидеть, что под ним.

  The children dislodged the stone to see what was underneath. (Highlights casual, exploratory usage with imperative undertones.)

• Землетрясение вытеснило жителей из их домов.

  The earthquake dislodged residents from their homes. (Emphasizes external forces in a dramatic, real-world scenario.)

To remove or displace something fixed (e.g., in a literal sense)

Translation(s) & Context:

• сдвинуть - Preferred for tangible, immediate actions, such as in mechanics or daily life.
• вытеснить - Less common here, but possible in extended metaphors.

Usage Examples:

• Механик сдвинул шестерёнку, чтобы отремонтировать двигатель.

  The mechanic dislodged the gear to repair the engine. (Focuses on technical, hands-on application.)

• Ветер вытеснил листья с тропинки.

  The wind dislodged the leaves from the path. (Shows natural forces in an environmental context.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are verbs, so they undergo conjugation based on tense, aspect, person, and number. Russian verbs like these are imperfective (ongoing action) or perfective (completed action). вытеснить is perfective, while сдвинуть can be part of imperfective forms.

Note: These verbs do not change for gender in the infinitive but do in past tense. They are regular in most aspects but follow standard Russian conjugation patterns.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: выдавить (to squeeze out, with a forceful connotation), сместить (to shift or displace subtly)
• Antonyms: установить (to establish or fix in place), закрепить (to secure, often used in physical contexts)

Related Phrases:

• вытеснить из власти - To oust from power (used in political contexts to describe regime changes).
• сдвинуть с места - To budge from a spot (common in everyday situations, like moving a stuck object).
• вытеснить конкурентов - To drive out competitors (business or competitive scenarios).

Usage Notes:

Choose вытеснить for more formal or strategic contexts, as it implies a deliberate, often irreversible action, aligning closely with the English "dislodge" in metaphorical senses. сдвинуть is better for literal, physical displacements and is more versatile in informal speech. Be mindful of aspect: use perfective forms like вытеснить for completed actions and imperfective for ongoing ones. In Russian, context dictates word choice—pair with prepositions like "из" (from) for removal scenarios to mirror English prepositional phrases.

Common Errors:

• Confusing вытеснить with сдвинуть: English learners often use вытеснить in casual settings where сдвинуть is more appropriate, e.g., saying "Я вытеснил книгу с полки" (incorrectly formal) instead of "Я сдвинул книгу с полки." Correct: Use сдвинуть for everyday physical actions to avoid sounding overly dramatic.
• Misconjugating past tense: Forgetting gender agreement, e.g., saying "Я вытеснила" when the speaker is male. Correct: "Я вытеснил" for masculine speakers. Explanation: Russian past tense verbs agree with the subject's gender, unlike English.
• Overusing in metaphors: Beginners might apply вытеснить too broadly, e.g., "Я вытеснил идею" (awkward). Correct: Use in contexts with clear opposition, like "вытеснить из позиции."

Cultural Notes:

Вытеснить often carries historical connotations in Russian culture, evoking events like military campaigns in Russian history (e.g., World War II), where displacement was a key theme. This can add a layer of gravity to its usage, making it more emotive than its English counterpart in discussions of conflict or social change.

Related Concepts:

• война (war)
• сдвиг (shift or displacement)
• позиция (position)