Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'dislocate'

English Word: dislocate

Key Russian Translations:

• вывихнуть [vɨˈvʲixnʊtʲ] - [Formal, Medical context]
• сдвинуть [sdʲɪˈvnutʲ] - [Informal, General displacement]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical or injury-related discussions, but not everyday casual language)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian verb conjugations and medical vocabulary)

Pronunciation (Russian):

вывихнуть: [vɨˈvʲixnʊtʲ]

сдвинуть: [sdʲɪˈvnutʲ]

Note on вывихнуть: The stress falls on the second syllable; be mindful of the palatalized 'вʲ' sound, which can be challenging for non-native speakers. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To displace a bone from its joint (e.g., in medical contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• вывихнуть - Used in formal medical scenarios, such as describing injuries in hospitals or sports.

Usage Examples:

• Врач вывихнул плечо пациенту во время осмотра. (The doctor dislocated the patient's shoulder during the examination.)

  English Translation: The doctor dislocated the patient's shoulder during the examination.

• После падения она вывихнула лодыжку и не могла ходить. (After the fall, she dislocated her ankle and couldn't walk.)

  English Translation: After the fall, she dislocated her ankle and couldn't walk.

• Спортсмен вывихнул колено в матче, что привело к операции. (The athlete dislocated his knee in the game, leading to surgery.)

  English Translation: The athlete dislocated his knee in the game, leading to surgery.

• Дети иногда вывихивают пальцы, играя в активные игры. (Children sometimes dislocate their fingers while playing active games.)

  English Translation: Children sometimes dislocate their fingers while playing active games.

Meaning 2: To disrupt or disturb something from its proper position (e.g., metaphorical use)

Translation(s) & Context:

• сдвинуть - Used in informal contexts for general displacement, such as in mechanics or everyday situations.

Usage Examples:

• Землетрясение сдвинуло мебель в доме. (The earthquake dislocated the furniture in the house.)

  English Translation: The earthquake dislocated the furniture in the house.

• Его слова сдвинули всю дискуссию в неверном направлении. (His words dislocated the entire discussion in the wrong direction.)

  English Translation: His words dislocated the entire discussion in the wrong direction.

• Механик сдвинул шестерёнки, чтобы починить механизм. (The mechanic dislocated the gears to fix the mechanism.)

  English Translation: The mechanic dislocated the gears to fix the mechanism.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are verbs, which undergo conjugation in Russian. Verbs like вывихнуть and сдвинуть are imperfective (вывихивать/сдвигать for ongoing actions) and can be conjugated based on tense, aspect, person, and number. They follow the first conjugation pattern for regular verbs.

Note: These verbs are regular but may have aspectual pairs (e.g., вывихивать for ongoing action). They do not change in gender or number in the infinitive form.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • выбить (vybit') - Similar to вывихнуть, but often implies forceful removal.
  • сместить (smestit') - A more neutral synonym for сдвинуть, used in technical contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • установить (ustanavit') - To set or fix in place.
  • закрепить (zakrepit') - To secure or stabilize.

Related Phrases:

• вывихнуть сустав - To dislocate a joint; often used in medical reports.
• сдвинуть с места - To move something from its position; implies literal or figurative displacement in everyday language.
• вывих плечевого сустава - Dislocation of the shoulder joint; a common phrase in injury descriptions.

Usage Notes:

вывихнуть is the most precise translation for the medical sense of "dislocate," especially for joints, and is typically used in formal or professional contexts like healthcare. In contrast, сдвинуть is better for non-medical displacement and is more informal. English speakers should note that Russian verbs require aspect (perfective for completed actions), so choose вывихнуть for a one-time event. Be cautious with context: in metaphorical uses, сдвинуть might not carry the same intensity as in English. Always conjugate based on subject gender and number for accuracy.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using вывихнуть in non-medical contexts, e.g., saying "вывихнуть план" (dislocate a plan) instead of "сдвинуть план." Correct: сдвинуть план. Explanation: вывихнуть is specific to physical joints, leading to confusion or awkwardness.
• Mistake: Forgetting verb aspect, e.g., using the infinitive form incorrectly in sentences. Correct: Instead of "Я вывихнуть руку" (wrong), say "Я вывихнул руку." Explanation: Russian requires proper conjugation; infinitive forms are not used as in English predicates.
• Mistake: Mispronouncing the palatalized sounds, e.g., saying [vɨvixnut] instead of [vɨˈvʲixnʊtʲ]. Correct: Practice the 'вʲ' sound. Explanation: This can make the word unintelligible to native speakers.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like вывихнуть are commonly associated with sports and military contexts due to the emphasis on physical resilience in Russian society. For instance, stories of athletes or soldiers overcoming dislocations highlight themes of endurance, but there's also a cultural stigma around admitting injuries, which might lead to underreporting in casual conversations.

Related Concepts:

• травма (travma) - Injury
• сустав (sustav) - Joint
• перелом (perelom) - Fracture