Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'disbursement'

English Word: disbursement

Key Russian Translations:

• выплата [vɨˈplatə] - [Formal, Financial context, often used for official payments]
• расход [rɐˈsxot] - [Formal, General financial or administrative context, implying expenditure]
• выдача [vɨˈdatɕə] - [Semi-formal, Specific to distribution of funds or resources]

Frequency: Medium (Common in financial, legal, and administrative texts, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian noun declensions and formal vocabulary; 'выплата' and 'расход' may vary slightly in nuance for advanced learners)

Pronunciation (Russian):

выплата: [vɨˈplatə]

Note on выплата: The stress falls on the second syllable; the 'ы' sound is a distinct back vowel, which can be challenging for English speakers. Pronounce it with a soft 'l' at the end.

расход: [rɐˈsxot]

Note on расход: The 'x' is a voiceless velar fricative, similar to the 'ch' in Scottish 'loch'; stress on the second syllable. Avoid softening the 'r' sound.

выдача: [vɨˈdatɕə]

Note on выдача: The 'щ' sound is a voiceless palatal fricative, like a prolonged 'sh'; ensure clear separation from the preceding 't'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The act of paying out money from a fund or account.

Translation(s) & Context:

• выплата - Used in formal contexts like government or corporate fund distributions, emphasizing official transactions.
• расход - Applied in broader financial scenarios, such as budgeting or accounting, to denote expenditure.

Usage Examples:

• Банк произвел выплату средств из резервного фонда.

  The bank made the disbursement of funds from the reserve account.

• Ежемесячный расход бюджета на социальные выплаты был увеличен.

  The monthly disbursement of the budget for social payments was increased.

• Выдача финансовой помощи прошла без задержек.

  The disbursement of financial aid occurred without delays.

• После аудита был утвержден расход на проектные работы.

  Following the audit, the disbursement for project work was approved.

• Правительство организовало выплату компенсаций пострадавшим.

  The government arranged the disbursement of compensation to the victims.

Meaning 2: The distribution or allocation of resources beyond just money.

Translation(s) & Context:

• выдача - Common in contexts involving the distribution of goods or aid, not strictly financial.
• расход - Can extend to non-monetary allocations, like resource expenditure in projects.

Usage Examples:

• Выдача оборудования для новой фабрики была завершена вовремя.

  The disbursement of equipment for the new factory was completed on time.

• Расход материалов в строительстве строго контролируется.

  The disbursement of materials in construction is strictly monitored.

• Была организована выдача гуманитарной помощи беженцам.

  The disbursement of humanitarian aid to refugees was organized.

• Ежегодный расход ресурсов на исследования возрос.

  The annual disbursement of resources for research has increased.

• Выдача документов подтвердила законность расхода средств.

  The disbursement of documents confirmed the legality of the fund expenditure.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'выплата' (feminine noun, first declension), it follows standard Russian noun patterns with changes in cases and numbers. Below is a table of its inflections:

For 'расход' (masculine noun, third declension), it has regular inflections but no plural in some contexts:

For 'выдача' (feminine noun, first declension), it follows similar patterns to 'выплата' and is mostly regular.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: оплата (payment, more general); выдача (issuance, for distributions); перечисление (transfer, in banking)
• Antonyms: получение (receipt); взнос (contribution or deposit); накопление (accumulation)

Related Phrases:

• выплата зарплаты - A common phrase for salary disbursement, often used in employment contexts.
• расход средств - Refers to the expenditure or disbursement of funds, typical in budgeting.
• выдача пособий - Means the disbursement of benefits, such as social welfare payments.
• ежегодный расход бюджета - Denotes annual budget disbursement, emphasizing financial planning.

Usage Notes:

'Выплата' is the most direct equivalent to 'disbursement' in formal financial contexts, such as government or corporate payments, and should be chosen when emphasizing the act of releasing funds. 'Расход' is broader and implies ongoing expenditure, making it suitable for accounting or resource management. Always consider the context: use these in written or official Russian, as they are less common in casual speech. For English learners, note that Russian nouns require case agreement, so 'выплата' must match the sentence structure (e.g., genitive for possession). When multiple translations exist, select based on specificity—'выдача' for non-monetary distributions.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing 'выплата' with 'оплата' (payment). Incorrect: "Я сделал оплату из фонда" (implying simple payment). Correct: "Я сделал выплату из фонда" for disbursement from a specific fund. Explanation: 'Оплата' is more general and doesn't convey the official allocation aspect.

• Error: Using 'расход' in contexts requiring precise fund release, e.g., "Банк сделал расход денег" instead of "Банк сделал выплату денег." Correct: "Банк сделал выплату денег." Explanation: 'Расход' suggests spending or consumption, not the formal act of disbursing.

• Error: Forgetting noun declensions, e.g., using nominative 'выплата' in all cases. Incorrect: "О фонде выплата" (wrong case). Correct: "О фонде выплаты" (genitive). Explanation: Russian requires case changes for grammatical agreement, which English speakers often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and administration, terms like 'выплата' are frequently associated with state-controlled systems, such as pension disbursements or social benefits, reflecting the historical influence of Soviet-era bureaucracy. This can imply a sense of official oversight, where disbursements are not just financial transactions but part of broader social welfare mechanisms.

Related Concepts:

• финансирование
• бюджет
• субсидия
• транш