Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'disburse'

English Word: disburse

Key Russian Translations:

• выплачивать [vɨplaˈtʂɨvətʲ] - [Formal, used in financial or official contexts]
• распределять [rəsprʲɪˈdʲelʲɪtʲ] - [Formal, Informal; used when emphasizing distribution of resources]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in business, financial, and administrative contexts in Russian media and everyday communication)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate for выплачивать, as it involves verb conjugation; C1 for распределять, due to nuanced usage in complex sentences)

Pronunciation (Russian):

выплачивать: [vɨplaˈtʂɨvətʲ]

Note on выплачивать: The stress falls on the third syllable; be cautious with the palatalized 'tʂ' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers. Variations may occur in rapid speech.

распределять: [rəsprʲɪˈdʲelʲɪtʲ]

Note on распределять: The initial 'r' is rolled; the word has a soft 'rʲ' in the middle, common in Russian verbs.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To pay out money from a fund (primary meaning)

Translation(s) & Context:

• выплачивать - Used in formal financial contexts, such as banking or government disbursements.
• распределять - Used when the act involves allocating funds or resources more broadly.

Usage Examples:

• Банк выплачивает средства клиентам ежемесячно.

  The bank disburses funds to clients monthly.

• Компания распределяет бюджет на различные проекты.

  The company disburses the budget across various projects.

• Правительство выплачивает пособия пострадавшим от катастрофы.

  The government disburses aid to those affected by the disaster.

• Фонд распределяет гранты среди молодых ученых.

  The fund disburses grants among young scientists.

To distribute or allocate resources (secondary meaning)

Translation(s) & Context:

• распределять - Common in organizational or logistical contexts, such as event planning.
• выплачивать - Less common here, but applicable if resources are monetary.

Usage Examples:

• Менеджер распределяет задачи между сотрудниками.

  The manager disburses tasks among employees.

• Организация выплачивает оборудование для исследовательской работы.

  The organization disburses equipment for research work.

• Волонтеры распределяют продовольствие среди нуждающихся.

  Volunteers disburse food among those in need.

• Агентство выплачивает ресурсы для экологических проектов.

  The agency disburses resources for environmental projects.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are verbs and follow Russian conjugation patterns. выплачивать is an imperfective verb, while распределять is also imperfective. Russian verbs change based on tense, aspect, person, and number. Below is a table for key inflections:

Note: These verbs are regular in their conjugations but require attention to aspect (imperfective for ongoing actions). They do not have irregular forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • платить (to pay; more general and less formal)
  • выдавать (to issue or dispense; often used for one-time payments)
• Antonyms:
  • собирать (to collect; implies the opposite of distributing)
  • удерживать (to withhold; used in financial contexts)

Related Phrases:

• выплачивать зарплату - To disburse salary; commonly used in employment contexts.
• распределять ресурсы - To disburse resources; refers to allocating materials or funds in projects.
• выплачивать пособие - To disburse benefits; typical in social welfare scenarios.

Usage Notes:

выплачивать is the most direct equivalent to "disburse" in financial contexts, emphasizing the act of paying out money, while распределять focuses on broader distribution. In Russian, these verbs are often used in formal writing or speech; avoid them in casual conversations unless necessary. Pay attention to verb aspect: use imperfective for ongoing processes. When choosing between translations, opt for выплачивать for monetary transactions and распределять for non-monetary allocation.

Common Errors:

• Confusing выплачивать with выдавать: Learners might use выдавать for all disbursements, but it's more specific to issuing items. Correct: "Банк выплачивает деньги" (The bank disburses money). Incorrect: "Банк выдаёт деньги" (implies physically handing out cash, not fund transfer).

• Neglecting verb conjugation: English speakers often forget to change endings, e.g., saying "выплачивать" instead of "выплачивает" for third-person singular. Correct: "Он выплачивает средства" (He disburses funds).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like выплачивать are frequently associated with bureaucratic processes, such as government subsidies or salary payments, which reflect the historical emphasis on state-controlled economies. Understanding these can help English users navigate financial discussions in Russia, where timely disbursement of funds is a common topic in media and daily life.

Related Concepts:

• финансы (finances)
• бюджет (budget)
• гранты (grants)