Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Disability'

English Word: disability

Key Russian Translations:

• инвалидность [ɪnvəlʲɪdˈnostʲ] - [Formal, Noun]
• неспособность [nʲɪspəsˈobnəstʲ] - [Neutral, Noun, Often used for inability in a specific context]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for both translations

Pronunciation (Russian):

инвалидность: [ɪnvəlʲɪdˈnostʲ]

Note on инвалидность: Stress falls on the second syllable. The "д" is soft due to the following "н".

неспособность: [nʲɪspəsˈobnəstʲ]

Note on неспособность: Stress on the third syllable. The initial "н" is palatalized.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Physical or Mental Impairment (Permanent or Legal Context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• инвалидность - Primarily used in formal, medical, or legal contexts to denote a recognized disability.

Usage Examples:

• Ему присвоили группу инвалидности после аварии.

  He was assigned a disability group after the accident.

• Инвалидность не мешает ей работать.

  Disability does not prevent her from working.

• Она получает пенсию по инвалидности.

  She receives a disability pension.

2. Inability to Perform a Specific Task (Temporary or Contextual)

Translation(s) & Context:

• неспособность - Used for a lack of ability in a specific situation or skill, not necessarily a permanent condition.

Usage Examples:

• Его неспособность справляться с задачами удивляет.

  His inability to handle tasks is surprising.

• Неспособность говорить по-русски ограничивает его возможности.

  His inability to speak Russian limits his opportunities.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

инвалидность (Feminine Noun, 3rd Declension):

неспособность (Feminine Noun, 3rd Declension): Follows a similar declension pattern as above.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for инвалидность:

• нетрудоспособность (limited to work-related disability)
• увечье (more focused on physical injury)

Antonyms for инвалидность:

• здоровье (health)
• способность (ability)

Related Phrases:

• группа инвалидности - Disability group (used in legal/medical contexts for classification).
• пенсия по инвалидности - Disability pension (financial support for disabled individuals).
• неспособность к обучению - Inability to learn (used in educational contexts).

Usage Notes:

• инвалидность is the standard term for a recognized physical or mental disability, often tied to legal or medical status. It should be used in formal contexts.

• неспособность is broader and can refer to any inability, not necessarily a permanent or medical condition. It is more flexible but less specific to disability as a status.

• Be cautious when using these terms interchangeably, as "неспособность" may sound dismissive or inappropriate in a medical or legal discussion of disability.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "неспособность" in formal contexts like disability benefits. Example: *Он подал заявление на неспособность.* (Incorrect)

  Correction: Use "инвалидность" instead: Он подал заявление на инвалидность.

  Explanation: "Неспособность" does not carry the legal or medical connotation required in such contexts.

• Error: Incorrect case usage with "инвалидность". Example: *Я говорю о инвалидность.* (Incorrect)

  Correction: Use the prepositional case: Я говорю об инвалидности.

  Explanation: Prepositional case requires the ending "-и" with the preposition "о/об".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, discussions about "инвалидность" (disability) are often tied to state-provided benefits and social support systems. The term may carry a bureaucratic tone due to its association with legal classifications like "группа инвалидности" (disability group). Sensitivity is advised when discussing disability, as societal attitudes may vary widely.

Related Concepts:

• здоровье (health)
• реабилитация (rehabilitation)
• доступность (accessibility)