Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'derangement'

English Word: derangement

Key Russian Translations:

• расстройство [rəsˈtrojstvə] - [Formal, used in medical and psychological contexts]
• помешательство [pəmʲɪˈʂætʲstvə] - [Formal, somewhat literary, implying severe mental confusion]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in medical, psychological, or everyday discussions of disorder)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it involves specialized vocabulary; for 'расстройство', it's straightforward, but 'помешательство' may require more nuance)

Pronunciation (Russian):

расстройство: [rəsˈtrojstvə]

Note on расстройство: The stress falls on the third syllable ('troj'), which is a common feature in Russian nouns. Be careful with the soft 'r' sound.

помешательство: [pəmʲɪˈʂætʲstvə]

Note on помешательство: The 'ш' sound is palatalized, making it softer; this word often has a dramatic connotation in speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Mental or psychological disorder, often implying confusion or abnormality

Translation(s) & Context:

• расстройство - Used in formal medical or psychological contexts, such as describing mental health issues.
• помешательство - Applied in literary or dramatic contexts for severe mental derangement, often with emotional intensity.

Usage Examples:

• После аварии у него развилось нервное расстройство.

  After the accident, he developed a nervous derangement.

• Врачи диагностировали психическое расстройство, но лечение помогло.

  Doctors diagnosed a mental derangement, but treatment helped.

• Его помешательство стало очевидным во время беседы.

  His derangement became evident during the conversation.

• Расстройство мыслей часто приводит к социальным проблемам.

  Derangement of thoughts often leads to social issues.

• Под влиянием стресса помешательство может настигнуть кого угодно.

  Under the influence of stress, derangement can affect anyone.

Meaning 2: General disorder or disruption, not necessarily mental

Translation(s) & Context:

• расстройство - Used metaphorically for any kind of disorganization, such as in daily life or systems.

Usage Examples:

• Расстройство в графике вызвало хаос в офисе.

  The derangement in the schedule caused chaos in the office.

• Это расстройство планов вынудило нас отменить поездку.

  This derangement of plans forced us to cancel the trip.

• Война привела к полному расстройству экономики.

  The war led to a complete derangement of the economy.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'расстройство' and 'помешательство' are neuter nouns in Russian, which means they follow standard neuter declension patterns. They are invariant in the nominative singular but change in other cases. Below is a table for 'расстройство' as an example; 'помешательство' follows similar rules.

For 'помешательство', the declension is regular but less commonly used in plural forms. Note that these nouns do not have gender variations but must agree in case with other words in a sentence.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • хаос (general disorder, more neutral)
  • беспорядок (disorder, everyday usage; differs from 'расстройство' by being less clinical)
• Antonyms:
  • порядок (order, stability)
  • норма (norm, regularity; often used in psychological contexts)

Related Phrases:

• психическое расстройство - A phrase meaning 'mental derangement'; used in clinical settings to describe psychological conditions.
• нервное расстройство - Refers to 'nervous derangement'; common in discussions of stress-related issues.
• расстройство речи - Means 'speech derangement'; relates to communication disorders.

Usage Notes:

'Расстройство' is the most direct and versatile translation for 'derangement' in English, especially in medical contexts, and is preferred in formal writing. It corresponds closely to the English term but may imply a broader sense of disruption. 'Помешательство' is more archaic or literary, so choose it for dramatic effects rather than everyday conversation. Be mindful of context: in Russian, these words often require case agreement, and they are typically used with adjectives like 'психическое' for specificity. For learners, start with 'расстройство' as it's more common and easier to integrate into sentences.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'расстройство' with 'беспорядок': English learners might use 'беспорядок' (meaning simple mess) when 'расстройство' is needed for psychological derangement. Correct usage: Say "психическое расстройство" instead of "психический беспорядок" to avoid downplaying the severity.

• Improper case usage: For example, saying "Я имею расстройство" (incorrect accusative in some contexts) instead of "У меня расстройство" (genitive for possession). Explanation: Russian requires the genitive case after prepositions like 'у' (at), so always check agreement.

• Overusing 'помешательство': Beginners might apply it too broadly, as in "Его поведение - помешательство" when 'расстройство' is more appropriate. Correct: Use 'помешательство' only for extreme cases to maintain a formal tone.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'расстройство' carry a stigma in mental health discussions, often linked to historical Soviet-era attitudes where psychological issues were underreported. This reflects a broader cultural emphasis on resilience, so using these terms sensitively can help in conversations about well-being.

Related Concepts:

• психология
• невроз
• эмоциональный стресс