Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'default'

English Word: default

Key Russian Translations:

• По умолчанию [pɐ ɐftɐˈmætʲnəmʲ] - [Formal, Common in technical and everyday contexts]
• Дефолт [dʲɪˈfɔlt] - [Informal, Often used in financial or computing contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in technical, business, and digital contexts, but not in casual conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of context-specific usage; "По умолчанию" is easier for beginners, while "Дефолт" may need more advanced vocabulary)

Pronunciation (Russian):

По умолчанию: [pɐ ɐftɐˈmætʲnəmʲ]

Дефолт: [dʲɪˈfɔlt]

Note on По умолчанию: The stress falls on the second syllable of "автоматически" implied in the phrase; be mindful of the soft 'т' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers due to its palatalization.

Note on Дефолт: Pronounced similarly to the English word, but with a softer 'д' and emphasis on the first syllable; common borrowing from English.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Standard or automatic setting (e.g., in software or systems)

Translation(s) & Context:

• По умолчанию - Used in formal or technical contexts to describe something that is set automatically without user intervention, such as software defaults.

Usage Examples:

• Эта программа запускается по умолчанию с этими настройками.

  This program launches by default with these settings.

• В системе Windows по умолчанию включен автоматический обновитель.

  In Windows, the automatic updater is enabled by default.

• Если не указано иное, приложение использует по умолчанию английский язык.

  If not specified otherwise, the application uses English by default.

• По умолчанию, браузер сохраняет файлы в папке "Загрузки".

  By default, the browser saves files in the "Downloads" folder.

Meaning 2: Failure to fulfill an obligation (e.g., in finance or loans)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Дефолт - Used in financial, legal, or economic contexts to indicate a failure to pay debts or meet obligations.

Usage Examples:

• Банк объявил о дефолте заемщика из-за невыполнения платежей.

  The bank declared the borrower's default due to failure to make payments.

• Экономический дефолт страны привел к глобальному кризису.

  The country's economic default led to a global crisis.

• Чтобы избежать дефолта, компании пришлось реструктурировать долги.

  To avoid default, the company had to restructure its debts.

• Дефолт по кредиту может серьезно повредить кредитный рейтинг.

  Defaulting on a loan can seriously damage your credit rating.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"По умолчанию" is a fixed adverbial phrase and does not inflect; it remains unchanged across contexts.

"Дефолт" is a noun borrowed from English and functions as a masculine noun. It follows standard Russian declension patterns for masculine nouns ending in a consonant. Below is a table of its inflections:

Note: Inflections are regular for borrowed nouns, but usage may vary based on context.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • По умолчанию: Стандартно (standardno) - Used interchangeably in technical settings, but "стандартно" implies more of a norm.
  • Дефолт: Невыполнение (nʲɪvɨˈpolnʲenʲɪe) - A more formal synonym in legal contexts, emphasizing failure.
• Antonyms:
  • По умолчанию: Вручную (vruˈtʂnʲu) - Implies manual override, contrasting with automatic settings.
  • Дефолт: Выполнение (vɨˈpolnʲenʲɪe) - Means fulfillment or compliance in obligations.

Related Phrases:

• По умолчанию включено - By default enabled; Used in software descriptions to indicate automatic activation.
• Декларировать дефолт - To declare default; Common in financial reports for announcing failures.
• Вернуться к дефолту - To revert to default; Refers to resetting settings in applications.

Usage Notes:

"По умолчанию" directly corresponds to the English "by default" and is best used in technical or procedural contexts, where it describes automatic behaviors. It has no gender or number agreement issues since it's an adverbial phrase. For "Дефолт", it's a loanword often used in business English-influenced Russian, so choose it when discussing finance to sound more modern, but opt for native alternatives like "невыполнение" in formal writing. Be aware of context: in everyday speech, "по умолчанию" is neutral, while "дефолт" carries a negative connotation.

• Grammar tip: "По умолчанию" doesn't change form, making it easy to integrate into sentences.
• Selection guide: Use "по умолчанию" for settings and defaults in tech; use "дефолт" for financial failures to match English terminology.

Common Errors:

English learners often misuse "Дефолт" by treating it as an adjective, e.g., saying "дефолт опция" instead of "опция по умолчанию". Correct usage: The phrase should be "опция по умолчанию" to properly convey "default option". Another error is overusing "Дефолт" in non-financial contexts; for example, incorrectly saying "Это дефолт для приложения" when "Это по умолчанию для приложения" is more accurate. Explanation: Russian prefers native phrases for clarity, so always consider context to avoid sounding unnatural.

Cultural Notes:

"Дефолт" as a term has been influenced by global financial events, such as the 1998 Russian financial crisis, where it became a buzzword. This reflects Russia's integration into international economics, but it lacks deep cultural roots, making it a practical borrowing rather than a culturally laden word.

Related Concepts:

• Стандарт
• Настройка
• Кризис