Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'custodial'

English Word: custodial

Key Russian Translations:

• опекунский [ɐˈpʲekʊnskʲɪj] - [Formal, used in legal contexts]
• тюремный [ˈtʲʉrʲɪmnɨj] - [Formal, specific to imprisonment or detention contexts]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in specialized legal or administrative language; not common in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it involves legal terminology and requires understanding of Russian adjective inflections; for 'тюремный', it may be C1 due to its contextual specificity)

Pronunciation (Russian):

опекунский: [ɐˈpʲekʊnskʲɪj]

Note on опекунский: The stress falls on the second syllable; be mindful of the palatalized 'k' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers.

тюремный: [ˈtʲʉrʲɪmnɨj]

Note on тюремный: The initial 'tʲ' is softly palatalized; pronunciation may vary slightly in regional dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Relating to guardianship, care, or supervision (e.g., of children or dependents)

Translation(s) & Context:

• опекунский - Used in formal legal contexts, such as custodial rights in family law; implies protective oversight.

Usage Examples:

• Суд присудил матери опекунские права над детьми.

  The court awarded the mother custodial rights over the children.

• Опекунский уход необходим для несовершеннолетних в сложных ситуациях.

  Custodial care is necessary for minors in difficult situations.

• В контракте указано, что опекунский контроль будет осуществляться государством.

  The contract states that custodial control will be exercised by the state.

• Опекунский режим в семье помогает обеспечить безопасность ребенка.

  The custodial regime in the family helps ensure the child's safety.

2. Relating to detention or imprisonment (e.g., in a correctional facility)

Translation(s) & Context:

• тюремный - Applied in criminal justice contexts, such as custodial sentences; emphasizes confinement.

Usage Examples:

• Осужденный отбывает тюремный срок в условиях строгого режима.

  The convicted person is serving a custodial sentence under strict conditions.

• Тюремный надзор включает ежедневные проверки.

  Custodial supervision involves daily checks.

• Суд вынес решение о тюремном наказании за серьезное преступление.

  The court handed down a custodial punishment for the serious crime.

• В тюремном учреждении обеспечивается опекунский уход за заключенными.

  Custodial care is provided for inmates in the prison facility.

• Тюремный режим часто сочетается с программами реабилитации.

  The custodial regime is often combined with rehabilitation programs.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'опекунский' and 'тюремный' are Russian adjectives, which inflect based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow regular patterns for most cases, agreeing with the nouns they modify. Below is a table outlining the inflections for these adjectives in the singular form (as examples; they follow standard adjective paradigms).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • опекательский (similar to опекунский, but with a slight emphasis on the role of a guardian)
  • защитный (more general, protective connotation)
• Antonyms:
  • самостоятельный (independent, implying no need for custody)
  • свободный (free, especially in the context of imprisonment)

Related Phrases:

• Опекунские права - Custodial rights; refers to legal entitlements in guardianship cases.
• Тюремный режим - Custodial regime; describes the system of control in prisons.
• Опекунский уход - Custodial care; used for supervised care of dependents.

Usage Notes:

'Опекунский' directly corresponds to the guardianship aspect of 'custodial' and is typically restricted to formal, legal, or administrative contexts in Russian. Avoid using it in casual conversation, as it may sound overly bureaucratic. For 'тюремный', it's best reserved for criminal justice discussions. When choosing between translations, opt for 'опекунский' for family-related matters and 'тюремный' for detention scenarios. Grammatically, always ensure the adjective agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, as Russian requires this for proper sentence structure.

Common Errors:

• English learners often misuse 'опекунский' by treating it as an invariant word, forgetting to inflect it. For example: Incorrect: "Я имею опекунский права" (wrong case agreement). Correct: "Я имею опекунские права." Explanation: In Russian, adjectives must agree with nouns, so adjust the ending based on the noun's case.
• Confusing 'тюремный' with 'опекунский' in context: Incorrect: "Опекунский срок" (meaning a prison sentence). Correct: "Тюремный срок." Explanation: This mixes guardianship and detention meanings, which can lead to misunderstandings in legal texts.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'опекунский' are deeply tied to the historical emphasis on family and state involvement in child welfare, influenced by Soviet-era policies. For instance, custodial rights often reflect collectivist values, where the state's role in guardianship is more pronounced than in some Western systems, highlighting the balance between individual rights and social responsibility.

Related Concepts:

• опекун (guardian)
• тюрьма (prison)
• защита (protection)