Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'cognition'

English Word: cognition

Key Russian Translations:

• познание [pəznánʲɪje] - [Formal, used in academic and philosophical contexts]
• когниция [kɐɡˈnʲit͡sɨjə] - [Formal, borrowed from English, less common and typically used in psychological or scientific literature]

Frequency: Medium (Common in educational, philosophical, and psychological discussions, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires understanding of abstract concepts; for 'познание', it's straightforward for intermediates, while 'когниция' may be more challenging due to its borrowed nature)

Pronunciation (Russian):

познание: [pəznánʲɪje]

когниция: [kɐɡˈnʲit͡sɨjə]

Note on познание: The stress is on the second syllable ('zná'), and the 'нʲ' represents a palatalized 'n', which can be tricky for English speakers; pronounce it softly as in 'onion'.

Note on когниция: This word retains a more English-like pronunciation; focus on the hard 'g' sound as in 'go'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

Translation(s) & Context:

• познание - Used in formal contexts like philosophy or education to describe cognitive processes; implies a broader, experiential understanding.
• когниция - Applied in scientific or technical settings, such as cognitive psychology, to denote more structured cognitive functions.

Usage Examples:

• Познание мира начинается с детства, когда ребенок начинает задавать вопросы.

  Cognition of the world begins in childhood, when a child starts asking questions.

• В психологии когниция включает процессы мышления, памяти и решения проблем.

  In psychology, cognition includes processes of thinking, memory, and problem-solving.

• Через познание искусства мы развиваем эмоциональный интеллект.

  Through cognition of art, we develop emotional intelligence.

• Когниция человека эволюционировала, позволяя адаптироваться к сложным социальным ситуациям.

  Human cognition has evolved, allowing adaptation to complex social situations.

• Познание природы через научные эксперименты приводит к новым открытиям.

  Cognition of nature through scientific experiments leads to new discoveries.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'познание' (a neuter noun, third declension), it follows standard Russian noun inflection patterns. It is regular and changes based on case and number. 'Когниция' is also a neuter noun but is less inflected in practice due to its borrowed status; it often remains unchanged in informal use.

For 'когниция', it is typically invariant in most cases: Nominative/Accusative: когниция; Genitive: когниции; but in plural, it is rarely used as it's an abstract concept.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • осознание [as awareness or realization; differs by emphasizing conscious recognition]
  • познавательный процесс [more descriptive, used for the broader process]
• Antonyms:
  • невежество [ignorance; implies lack of knowledge]
  • забвение [oblivion or forgetting; contrasts with active cognition]

Related Phrases:

• Процесс познания - The process of cognition; used to describe learning journeys in education.
• Познание истины - Cognition of truth; a philosophical phrase implying deep understanding.
• Когнитивные способности - Cognitive abilities; common in psychological discussions.

Usage Notes:

'Познание' directly corresponds to the English 'cognition' in a philosophical sense, often implying a holistic process, while 'когниция' is more aligned with modern cognitive science. Use 'познание' in formal essays or discussions about knowledge acquisition, but opt for 'когниция' in scientific contexts. Be mindful of Russian's case system when using these words in sentences, as they must agree with other elements. For English learners, 'познание' is preferred for everyday intermediate learning due to its native feel.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'познание' with 'познавать' (the verb form, meaning 'to cognize'). Error: Using 'познание' as a verb, e.g., "Я познание это" (incorrect). Correct: "Я познаю это" (I cognize this). Explanation: 'Познание' is a noun, so it can't function as a verb; always check part of speech.

• Misapplying inflections, e.g., using 'познания' in nominative singular instead of 'познание'. Error: "Познания является важным" (incorrect). Correct: "Познание является важным". Explanation: Ensure proper case agreement to avoid sounding unnatural.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'познание' often carries a deep philosophical connotation, influenced by thinkers like Tolstoy and Soviet-era psychology. It reflects a holistic view of knowledge as a lifelong pursuit, tied to Russia's intellectual traditions in literature and science, where cognition is seen as a path to personal and societal enlightenment.

Related Concepts:

• мышление
• интеллект
• осознание