Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Clearance'

English Word: clearance

Key Russian Translations:

• разрешение [rəzʲrʲɪˈʂɛnʲɪjə] - [Formal, Often used for permission or approval]
• очистка [ɐˈtɕistkə] - [Neutral, Often used for physical clearing or cleaning]
• распродажа [rəsprɐˈdaʐə] - [Informal, Used for sales or discounts]

Frequency: Medium (varies by context; "распродажа" is more common in retail, "разрешение" in formal settings)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for "разрешение" and "распродажа"; B2 (Upper-Intermediate) for "очистка" due to nuanced usage

Pronunciation (Russian):

разрешение: [rəzʲrʲɪˈʂɛnʲɪjə]

Note on разрешение: Stress falls on the third syllable; the "ш" sound is a soft retroflex, distinct from English "sh".

очистка: [ɐˈtɕistkə]

Note on очистка: The initial "о" is reduced to a schwa sound in unstressed position.

распродажа: [rəsprɐˈdaʐə]

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Permission or Approval

Translation(s) & Context:

• разрешение - Used in formal or official contexts, such as obtaining clearance for a project or visa.

Usage Examples:

• Мне нужно получить разрешение на строительство.

  I need to get clearance for construction.

• Разрешение на выезд было выдано вчера.

  Clearance for departure was issued yesterday.

• Без разрешения вход запрещён.

  Entry is prohibited without clearance.

2. Physical Clearing or Removal

Translation(s) & Context:

• очистка - Refers to clearing space, cleaning, or removal of obstacles, often in a literal sense.

Usage Examples:

• Очистка территории заняла три дня.

  The clearance of the area took three days.

• После снегопада началась очистка дорог.

  After the snowfall, road clearance began.

• Очистка данных требует времени.

  Data clearance takes time.

3. Sale or Discount

Translation(s) & Context:

• распродажа - Used specifically in commercial contexts for clearance sales or stock reduction.

Usage Examples:

• В магазине большая распродажа обуви.

  There’s a big clearance sale on shoes at the store.

• Распродажа товаров продлится до конца недели.

  The clearance of goods will last until the end of the week.

• На распродаже я купил куртку со скидкой.

  I bought a jacket at a discount during the clearance.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

разрешение (Noun, Neuter):

очистка (Noun, Feminine): Follows regular feminine declension patterns for singular and plural forms.

распродажа (Noun, Feminine): Follows regular feminine declension patterns; no significant irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for разрешение:

• дозволение (more archaic or formal)
• согласие (broader term for consent)

Antonyms for разрешение:

• запрет (prohibition)
• отказ (refusal)

Synonyms for распродажа:

• скидка (discount, broader term)
• уценка (price reduction)

Related Phrases:

• получить разрешение - To obtain clearance/permission.
• очистка от мусора - Clearance of debris/rubbish.
• сезонная распродажа - Seasonal clearance sale.

Usage Notes:

• The choice between "разрешение", "очистка", and "распродажа" depends heavily on context. Use "разрешение" for formal permissions, "очистка" for literal or figurative clearing, and "распродажа" strictly for sales.
• "разрешение" often pairs with verbs like "получить" (to obtain) or "дать" (to give) in formal speech.
• Be cautious with "очистка" as it can imply purification in certain contexts, not just physical clearance.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "распродажа" for permission contexts. Incorrect: "Мне нужна распродажа на въезд." Correct: "Мне нужно разрешение на въезд." (I need clearance for entry.) Explanation: "распродажа" only applies to sales, not permissions.
• Error: Misusing "очистка" for sales. Incorrect: "Очистка товаров в магазине." Correct: "Распродажа товаров в магазине." (Clearance of goods at the store.) Explanation: "очистка" refers to cleaning or removal, not discounts.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "распродажа" is heavily associated with seasonal sales, especially post-holiday periods like after New Year or during "Black Friday" (a borrowed concept). Shops often advertise "распродажа" with bright signs, and it carries a sense of urgency or bargain hunting.

Related Concepts:

• дозволение (permission, archaic)
• скидка (discount)
• уборка (cleaning, related to очистка)