Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'cholera'

English Word: cholera

Key Russian Translations:

• холера [ˈxolʲɪrə] - [Formal, Medical]

Frequency: Low (specialized medical term, not commonly used in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate - due to specific context and pronunciation challenges)

Pronunciation (Russian):

холера: [ˈxolʲɪrə]

Note on холера: The stress falls on the first syllable. The Russian 'х' is a guttural sound, similar to the 'ch' in Scottish 'loch', which may be challenging for English speakers.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. A severe bacterial disease causing diarrhea and dehydration

Translation(s) & Context:

• холера - Used in medical, scientific, or formal contexts to refer to the disease.

Usage Examples:

• Холера была распространена в XIX веке в Европе.

  Cholera was widespread in Europe in the 19th century.

• Эпидемия холеры унесла тысячи жизней.

  The cholera epidemic claimed thousands of lives.

• Врачи борются с вспышкой холеры в регионе.

  Doctors are fighting an outbreak of cholera in the region.

• Холера передаётся через загрязнённую воду.

  Cholera is transmitted through contaminated water.

• Вакцина против холеры доступна в некоторых странах.

  A vaccine against cholera is available in some countries.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

The word холера is a feminine noun in Russian. It follows the standard declension pattern for feminine nouns ending in '-а'.

Note: The plural form is rarely used as the term typically refers to the disease as a concept or singular outbreak (e.g., "эпидемия холеры").

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms:

• нет (No direct synonyms; it is a specific medical term)

Antonyms:

• нет (No direct antonyms as it is a specific disease term)

Note: While there are no direct synonyms or antonyms, related terms may describe other diseases or health conditions.

Related Phrases:

• эпидемия холеры - "cholera epidemic", used to describe widespread outbreaks.
• вспышка холеры - "cholera outbreak", refers to a sudden increase in cases in a specific area.
• заражённый холерой - "infected with cholera", used to describe affected individuals.

Usage Notes:

• The Russian word холера directly corresponds to the English "cholera" and is used exclusively in formal, medical, or historical contexts.
• It is not a term used in casual conversation unless discussing specific historical events or medical topics.
• English speakers should avoid using this term metaphorically or colloquially in Russian, as it does not carry additional meanings beyond the disease itself.

Common Errors:

• Error: Mispronouncing the stress on the second syllable as [xoˈlʲerə] instead of [ˈxolʲɪrə].

  Correct Usage: Always stress the first syllable: "ХОлера". Incorrect stress can make the word sound unnatural or unclear.

• Error: Confusing "холера" with similar-sounding words like "холёный" (well-groomed) due to phonetic similarity.

  Correct Usage: Pay attention to context; "холера" is strictly a medical term.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian history, cholera epidemics were significant public health crises, especially in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The term холера may evoke historical references, such as the cholera riots in the Russian Empire, where fear of the disease led to social unrest. Understanding this context can deepen comprehension of the term's weight in Russian discourse.

Related Concepts:

• эпидемия (epidemic)
• инфекция (infection)
• заболевание (disease)
• гигиена (hygiene)