Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'cast'

English Word: cast

Key Russian Translations:

• бросать [ˈbrosətʲ] - [Informal, Used for physical throwing]
• кидать [ˈkʲidətʲ] - [Colloquial, Similar to бросать but more casual]
• назначать [nəzˈnətʃətʲ] - [Formal, Used for assigning roles or positions]
• отливать [ɐtʲlʲɪˈvatʲ] - [Technical, Used for casting metal or creating molds]

Frequency: Medium (varies by context; "бросать" is more common, while "отливать" is niche)

Difficulty: A2-B1 for "бросать" and "кидать" (Beginner-Intermediate); B2 for "назначать" and "отливать" (Intermediate)

Pronunciation (Russian):

бросать: [ˈbrosətʲ]

Note on бросать: Stress falls on the first syllable. The "р" is rolled, which can be challenging for non-native speakers.

кидать: [ˈkʲidətʲ]

назначать: [nəzˈnətʃətʲ]

отливать: [ɐtʲlʲɪˈvatʲ]

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. To throw (physically)

Translation(s) & Context:

• бросать - Used for throwing objects like a ball or stone, often in neutral or informal contexts.
• кидать - More colloquial, often implies a quick or careless throw.

Usage Examples:

• Он бросил мяч в корзину.

  He threw the ball into the basket.

• Не кидай камни в воду!

  Don’t throw stones into the water!

• Она бросила взгляд на часы.

  She cast a glance at the clock.

2. To assign (roles or duties)

Translation(s) & Context:

• назначать - Used in formal contexts for assigning roles, especially in theater or official positions.

Usage Examples:

• Режиссёр назначил её на главную роль.

  The director cast her in the lead role.

• Его назначили на эту должность вчера.

  He was cast for this position yesterday.

3. To mold or shape (technical)

Translation(s) & Context:

• отливать - Used in technical contexts for casting metal or creating molds.

Usage Examples:

• Они отливают детали из бронзы.

  They cast parts from bronze.

• Этот колокол был отлит в 18 веке.

  This bell was cast in the 18th century.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

бросать (verb, imperfective):

Person	Present Tense	Past Tense (Masculine/Feminine/Neuter)
1st Singular	бросаю [brosayu]	бросал/бросала/бросало
3rd Singular	бросает [brosayet]	бросал/бросала/бросало

Note: Perfective form is "бросить" [ˈbrosʲɪtʲ].

кидать follows similar conjugation patterns as "бросать" (imperfective), with perfective "кинуть".

назначать and отливать are also verbs with regular conjugation patterns in their respective classes.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for бросать (to throw):

• кидать
• швырять (more forceful or careless)

Antonyms for бросать:

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ловить (to catch)

Related Phrases:

• бросить взгляд - to cast a glance (quick look)
• бросить вызов - to cast a challenge (to challenge someone)
• назначить на роль - to cast for a role (in theater or film)

Usage Notes:

• "Бросать" is the most versatile translation for "cast" when referring to throwing, but it can also be used metaphorically (e.g., casting a glance).
• "Кидать" is more informal and often implies a less deliberate action compared to "бросать".
• "Назначать" is strictly formal and used for assigning roles or duties, not for physical actions.
• "Отливать" is highly specialized and should only be used in technical contexts related to molding or casting materials.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "кидать" in formal contexts.
  Incorrect: Я кинул предложение на собрании.
  Correct: Я бросил идею на собрании. (I cast an idea at the meeting.)
  Explanation: "Кидать" is too colloquial for formal discussions.
• Error: Confusing "бросать" with "назначать" for role assignment.
  Incorrect: Его бросили на роль.
  Correct: Его назначили на роль.
  Explanation: "Бросать" implies throwing, not assigning.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, metaphorical uses of "бросать" (e.g., "бросить взгляд" - to cast a glance) are common in literature and everyday speech, often carrying emotional or dramatic undertones. Additionally, "бросить вызов" (to cast a challenge) is a frequent expression in competitive or confrontational contexts, reflecting a cultural emphasis on directness in challenges.

Related Concepts:

• метать (to hurl, related to throwing with force)
• роль (role, related to casting in theater)
• форма (form/mold, related to technical casting)