Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Cellular'

English Word: Cellular

Key Russian Translations:

• сотовый [ˈsotəvɨj] - [Informal, Commonly used for mobile phones]
• клеточный [ˈklʲetətʃnɨj] - [Formal, Scientific, Used in biology or medical contexts]

Frequency: Medium (varies by context; "сотовый" is more common in everyday speech)

Difficulty: A2-B1 for "сотовый" (Beginner-Intermediate); B2 for "клеточный" (Intermediate)

Pronunciation (Russian):

сотовый: [ˈsotəvɨj]

Note on сотовый: Stress falls on the first syllable. The "ы" sound is a unique Russian vowel, often challenging for English speakers.

клеточный: [ˈklʲetətʃnɨj]

Note on клеточный: Stress on the first syllable. The soft "л" (palatalized) may require practice.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Related to Mobile Phones or Networks (Technology Context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• сотовый - Used primarily to describe anything related to mobile phones or cellular networks (e.g., "cellular phone" or "cellular data").

Usage Examples:

• У меня новый сотовый телефон.

  I have a new cellular phone.

• Сотовая связь здесь очень слабая.

  The cellular connection here is very weak.

• Ты можешь проверить сотовые данные?

  Can you check the cellular data?

2. Related to Cells (Biological/Medical Context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• клеточный - Used in scientific or medical contexts to describe something related to biological cells (e.g., "cellular structure").

Usage Examples:

• Клеточная структура очень сложная.

  The cellular structure is very complex.

• Мы изучаем клеточные процессы на уроке биологии.

  We are studying cellular processes in biology class.

• Клеточная терапия — это новое направление в медицине.

  Cellular therapy is a new direction in medicine.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

сотовый (Adjective): Declines according to standard Russian adjective rules based on gender, number, and case.

клеточный (Adjective): Follows similar adjective declension patterns as "сотовый." See table structure above for reference if needed.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for сотовый (Technology Context):

• мобильный (more general term for "mobile")

Note: "мобильный" is broader and can refer to anything portable, not just cellular technology.

Synonyms for клеточный (Biological Context):

• клеточный (no direct synonym; often used as is)

Antonyms: None directly applicable for either context.

Related Phrases:

• сотовый телефон - Cellular phone (most common usage of "сотовый").
• сотовая сеть - Cellular network (used in technology discussions).
• клеточная мембрана - Cellular membrane (common in biology).

Usage Notes:

• "сотовый" is almost exclusively used in the context of mobile phone technology in modern Russian. It is less formal than "мобильный" in some contexts but widely understood.
• "клеточный" is strictly scientific or medical and should not be used to refer to mobile phones or networks, as it will confuse native speakers.
• English speakers should note that "cellular" in the technology sense is often translated as "сотовый," but "mobile" (мобильный) is sometimes preferred in formal or international contexts.

Common Errors:

• Mixing Contexts: English learners often use "клеточный" when referring to mobile phones. Incorrect: "У меня клеточный телефон" (sounds like "I have a biological cell phone"). Correct: "У меня сотовый телефон."
• Overusing "сотовый": While "сотовый" is common, overusing it in formal writing (e.g., business emails) may sound too colloquial. Use "мобильный" instead in such cases.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian, the term "сотовый" (literally meaning "honeycomb") reflects the structure of cellular networks resembling a honeycomb. This metaphorical usage is similar to English but may not be immediately obvious to learners. Additionally, mobile phone culture is significant in Russia, and terms like "сотовый" are deeply ingrained in everyday speech.

Related Concepts:

• мобильный (mobile)
• телефон (phone)
• сеть (network)
• клетка (cell, in biological terms)