Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Cartridge'

English Word: cartridge

Key Russian Translations:

• патрон [pɐˈtron] - [General, Used for ammunition]
• картридж [ˈkartrɪdʒ] - [Technical, Used for printer or game cartridges]

Frequency: Medium (both terms are used in specific contexts)

Difficulty: A2-B1 (Beginner-Intermediate, depending on context and term)

Pronunciation (Russian):

патрон: [pɐˈtron]

Note on патрон: The stress is on the second syllable. The initial 'п' is pronounced with a slight aspiration.

картридж: [ˈkartrɪdʒ]

Note on картридж: Borrowed from English, the stress is on the first syllable, and the 'дж' sound mimics the English 'j' in 'judge'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Ammunition Cartridge (for firearms)

Translation(s) & Context:

• патрон - Used specifically for bullets or shells in firearms.

Usage Examples:

• У меня закончились патроны для ружья.

  I’ve run out of cartridges for my rifle.

• Он купил коробку патронов на охоту.

  He bought a box of cartridges for hunting.

• Патрон застрял в стволе.

  The cartridge got stuck in the barrel.

2. Printer or Game Cartridge (technical device)

Translation(s) & Context:

• картридж - Refers to ink cartridges for printers or game cartridges for consoles.

Usage Examples:

• Мне нужно заменить картридж в принтере.

  I need to replace the cartridge in the printer.

• У меня есть старый картридж для игровой приставки.

  I have an old cartridge for a gaming console.

• Картридж почти пуст, нужно заказать новый.

  The cartridge is almost empty; I need to order a new one.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

патрон (masculine noun): Follows the second declension pattern in Russian. Below is the declension table for singular and plural forms.

картридж (masculine noun): Also follows the second declension pattern, similar to 'патрон'. Declension is regular with no significant irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for патрон (ammunition):

• боеприпас (broader term for ammunition)

Note: 'боеприпас' is more general and can refer to any type of ammunition, not just cartridges.

Synonyms for картридж (technical):

• тонер (specifically for toner cartridges in printers)

Antonyms: No direct antonyms exist for either term due to their specific nature.

Related Phrases:

• боевой патрон - Live cartridge (used for real ammunition as opposed to blanks).
• холостой патрон - Blank cartridge (used for training or ceremonial purposes).
• чернильный картридж - Ink cartridge (specific to printers).

Usage Notes:

• The choice between 'патрон' and 'картридж' depends strictly on context. Use 'патрон' exclusively for firearm ammunition and 'картридж' for technical devices like printers or gaming consoles.
• 'картридж' is a borrowed term from English and is used in modern, technical Russian. It may not be understood by older generations in non-technical contexts.
• Both terms are masculine nouns and follow regular declension patterns, making them relatively easy to use grammatically once the context is clear.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'патрон' for a printer cartridge. Incorrect: "У меня закончился патрон в принтере." Correct: "У меня закончился картридж в принтере." (Explanation: 'патрон' is only for ammunition; 'картридж' is the correct term for technical cartridges.)
• Error: Misplacing stress in pronunciation. For 'патрон', stressing the first syllable is wrong. It should be [pɐˈtron]. For 'картридж', stress is on the first syllable [ˈkartrɪdʒ].

Cultural Notes:

The term 'патрон' carries historical significance in Russian due to the country’s military history. It often appears in literature and films related to war or hunting. Meanwhile, 'картридж' reflects the influence of globalization and technology on the Russian language, as it is a direct borrowing from English.

Related Concepts:

• оружие (weapon)
• охота (hunting)
• принтер (printer)
• игра (game)