Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'californian'

English Word: californian

Key Russian Translations:

• калифорнийский (/kəlʲɪfɐrˈnʲijskʲɪj/) - [Adjective, Formal]
• калифорниец (/kəlʲɪfɐrˈnʲijɛts/) - [Noun, Informal, Singular]

Frequency: Low (This word and its translations are not commonly used in everyday Russian conversation, primarily appearing in contexts related to geography, culture, or travel.)

Difficulty: Intermediate (B2) - The adjective form is straightforward for learners familiar with Russian adjectives, while the noun form may require understanding of nominal derivations; variations in pronunciation can add slight complexity.

Pronunciation (Russian):

калифорнийский: /kəlʲɪfɐrˈnʲijskʲɪj/

калифорниец: /kəlʲɪfɐrˈnʲijɛts/

Note on калифорнийский: The stress falls on the third-to-last syllable, which is common in Russian adjectives. Be mindful of the soft sign (ь) affecting the pronunciation of the 'н' sound.

Note on калифорниец: This noun has a typical masculine ending; the 'ц' sound can be tricky for non-native speakers and may vary slightly in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Relating to the U.S. state of California (Adjective form)

Translation(s) & Context:

• калифорнийский - Used in formal or descriptive contexts, such as discussing geography, culture, or products from California.

Usage Examples:

• В Калифорнийском университете преподают передовые технологии.

  In the Californian university, they teach advanced technologies.

• Калифорнийский климат идеален для выращивания винограда.

  The Californian climate is ideal for growing grapes.

• Эта компания имеет калифорнийский стиль управления.

  This company has a Californian style of management.

• Калифорнийский пляж привлекает туристов со всего мира.

  The Californian beach attracts tourists from all over the world.

• В калифорнийском кино часто затрагиваются темы инноваций.

  In Californian cinema, themes of innovation are often explored.

Meaning 2: A person from California (Noun form)

Translation(s) & Context:

• калифорниец - Used informally to refer to individuals from California, often in casual conversations or demographic discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Мой друг — калифорниец, и он обожает серфинг.

  My friend is a Californian, and he loves surfing.

• Эта калифорнийка работает в Кремниевой долине.

  This Californian woman works in Silicon Valley.

• Калифорнийцы часто говорят о экологии и технологиях.

  Californians often talk about ecology and technology.

• Как типичный калифорниец, он предпочитает здоровое питание.

  As a typical Californian, he prefers healthy eating.

• В Нью-Йорке я встретил калифорнийца, который переехал сюда недавно.

  In New York, I met a Californian who moved here recently.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For the adjective "калифорнийский", it follows standard Russian adjective declension patterns, which vary by gender, number, and case. It is a regular adjective derived from a proper noun.

For the noun "калифорниец", it is a masculine noun of the second declension and follows regular patterns for animate nouns. Plural form: калифорнийцы. It does not have irregular inflections.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • калифорниец (a slight variant, used interchangeably in some contexts, but less common)
  • житель Калифорнии (more descriptive, used for emphasis on residency)
• Antonyms:
  • не-калифорниец (informal, meaning non-Californian, though not a standard word)

Related Phrases:

• Калифорнийский стиль жизни - Refers to the Californian lifestyle, often associated with health and innovation.
• Житель Калифорнии - A resident of California, used in demographic or migratory contexts.
• Калифорнийская культура - Californian culture, highlighting aspects like Hollywood or tech industries.

Usage Notes:

• The English word "californian" directly corresponds to "калифорнийский" as an adjective and "калифорниец" as a noun, but in Russian, it's common to use the full phrase "из Калифорнии" for more precision in informal speech.
• Use "калифорнийский" in formal writing or when describing attributes, but avoid it in everyday conversation where simpler phrases might suffice.
• When choosing between translations, opt for "калифорниец" for people and "калифорнийский" for places or things; pay attention to gender agreement in sentences.
• In Russian media, these words often appear in contexts related to U.S. politics or entertainment, so they carry a cultural connotation.

Common Errors:

• Error: Incorrectly using the adjective form as a noun, e.g., saying "Я калифорнийский" instead of "Я калифорниец".
  Correct: "Я калифорниец" (I am a Californian). Explanation: Russian nouns and adjectives must agree in form; confusing them can lead to grammatical errors.
• Error: Forgetting case endings, e.g., using "калифорнийский" in the genitive case as "калифорнийский" instead of "калифорнийского".
  Correct: "Дом калифорнийского стиля" (A house in Californian style). Explanation: Always decline adjectives based on the noun they modify to maintain sentence flow.

Cultural Notes:

The term "калифорнийский" or "калифорниец" often evokes images of California's innovative tech scene, Hollywood glamour, and laid-back lifestyle in Russian culture. It can carry positive connotations of progress and opportunity, influenced by media portrayals, but may also imply stereotypes like environmental activism or wealth disparity.

Related Concepts:

• Американин (American)
• Калифорния (California)
• Силиконовая долина (Silicon Valley)