Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'bulge'

English Word: bulge

Key Russian Translations:

• выпуклость [ˈvɨpʊkləsʲtʲ] - [Formal, Noun]
• вздутие [vzduˈtʲijə] - [Neutral, Noun, Often used for physical swelling]
• выпирать [vɨpʲɪˈratʲ] - [Informal, Verb, Used for sticking out]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for "выпуклость" and "вздутие"; B2 (Upper-Intermediate) for "выпирать"

Pronunciation (Russian):

выпуклость: [ˈvɨpʊkləsʲtʲ]

Note on выпуклость: Stress falls on the first syllable. The "ы" sound is unique to Russian and may be challenging for English speakers.

вздутие: [vzduˈtʲijə]

Note on вздутие: The stress is on the second syllable. Pay attention to the soft "т" sound.

выпирать: [vɨpʲɪˈratʲ]

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. A rounded swelling or protrusion (noun)

Translation(s) & Context:

• выпуклость - Used in formal or technical contexts, e.g., describing shapes or surfaces.
• вздутие - Often refers to physical swelling, such as on the body or a surface.

Usage Examples:

• На стене появилась странная выпуклость.

  A strange bulge appeared on the wall.

• Вздутие на коже может быть признаком аллергии.

  A bulge on the skin can be a sign of an allergy.

• Эта выпуклость на поверхности портит весь вид.

  This bulge on the surface ruins the entire look.

2. To stick out or protrude (verb)

Translation(s) & Context:

• выпирать - Used informally to describe something sticking out noticeably.

Usage Examples:

• Его живот выпирает из-под рубашки.

  His stomach is bulging out from under his shirt.

• Ящик выпирает из шкафа, закрой его.

  The drawer is bulging out of the cabinet, close it.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

выпуклость (Noun, Feminine):

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	выпуклость	выпуклости
Genitive	выпуклости	выпуклостей
Dative	выпуклости	выпуклостям
Accusative	выпуклость	выпуклости
Instrumental	выпуклостью	выпуклостями
Prepositional	выпуклости	выпуклостях

вздутие (Noun, Neuter): Follows standard neuter noun declension rules (similar structure as above, omitted for brevity).

выпирать (Verb, Imperfective): Regular verb conjugation in present, past, and future tenses. Infinitive: выпирать.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for выпуклость:

• бугор
• неровность

Note: "бугор" is more informal and often refers to a small bump, while "неровность" implies unevenness.

Antonyms for выпуклость:

• впадина
• углубление

Related Phrases:

• выпуклость поверхности - Bulge of a surface (used in technical descriptions).
• вздутие живота - Bloating of the stomach (common in medical contexts).
• выпирать наружу - To bulge outward (emphasizes direction).

Usage Notes:

• "выпуклость" is the most formal and versatile term for a bulge as a noun, often used in written or technical contexts.
• "вздутие" is specific to physical swelling and is common in medical or everyday speech.
• "выпирать" as a verb is more conversational and often carries a slightly negative or exaggerated tone.
• Choose the translation based on whether "bulge" is used as a noun or verb in the English sentence.

Common Errors:

Error 1: Using "выпирать" (verb) when referring to a noun. Incorrect: "Это выпирать на стене." Correct: "Это выпуклость на стене." (This is a bulge on the wall.)

Error 2: Misusing "вздутие" for non-physical contexts. Incorrect: "Вздутие на чертеже." Correct: "Выпуклость на чертеже." (A bulge in the drawing.)

Cultural Notes:

In Russian, describing a "bulge" in informal contexts (e.g., someone's stomach) using "выпирать" can be seen as impolite or mocking. It's better to use neutral terms like "выпуклость" unless the context allows for humor.

Related Concepts:

• неровность (unevenness)
• выступ (protrusion)
• опухоль (swelling, often medical)