Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'breech'

English Word: breech

Key Russian Translations:

• Казённик (/kɐˈzʲonʲnʲik/) - [Formal, Technical]
• Ягодичное предлежание (/jəɡɐˈdʲit͡ɕnəje prʲɪdʲlʲɪˈʐanʲije/) - [Formal, Medical]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in technical and medical contexts, but not in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with Russian noun declensions and specialized vocabulary; varies by translation)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Казённик: /kɐˈzʲonʲnʲik/

Ягодичное предлежание: /jəɡɐˈdʲit͡ɕnəje prʲɪdʲlʲɪˈʐanʲije/

Note on Казённик: The stress falls on the third syllable; be careful with the palatalized 'н' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers.

Note on Ягодичное предлежание: This is a compound phrase; pronounce it as separate words, with emphasis on the first syllable of each major component. The 'ж' sound is soft, like the 's' in "measure."

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The rear part of a gun barrel (Technical context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Казённик - Used in formal or technical discussions about firearms, such as in military or engineering contexts.

Usage Examples:

• В этом ружье был повреждён казённик.

  In this rifle, the breech was damaged.

• Механик осмотрел казённик оружия перед стрельбой.

  The mechanic inspected the breech of the weapon before firing.

• Современные казённики оснащены автоматическими механизмами для безопасности.

  Modern breeches are equipped with automatic mechanisms for safety.

• При разборке ружья сначала извлекают казённик.

  When disassembling the rifle, the breech is removed first.

Meaning 2: The position of a baby during childbirth (Medical context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Ягодичное предлежание - Used exclusively in medical or obstetric contexts to describe a breech birth position.

Usage Examples:

• Врачи диагностировали ягодичное предлежание плода на УЗИ.

  Doctors diagnosed the breech position of the fetus on the ultrasound.

• Ягодичное предлежание может потребовать кесарева сечения.

  A breech position may require a cesarean section.

• При ягодичном предлежании акушеры тщательно мониторят роды.

  In a breech position, obstetricians carefully monitor the delivery.

• Роды с ягодичным предлежанием часто обсуждаются на медицинских конференциях.

  Deliveries with breech positioning are often discussed at medical conferences.

• Если не исправить ягодичное предлежание, это может повлиять на здоровье ребёнка.

  If the breech position is not corrected, it could affect the child's health.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For Казённик (a masculine noun, 2nd declension):

This noun follows standard Russian masculine noun patterns with regular inflections. It changes based on case and number.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	Казённик	Казённики
Genitive	Казённика	Казёнников
Dative	Казённику	Казённикам
Accusative	Казённик	Казённики
Instrumental	Казёнником	Казённиками
Prepositional	Казённике	Казённиках

For Ягодичное предлежание (a neuter noun phrase):

This is a compound noun phrase where "предлежание" is neuter and follows standard neuter inflections, but the full phrase is often used in its base form in medical contexts without frequent changes. It is invariable in most practical uses.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Затвор (for казённик; more general term for a gun mechanism)
  • Тазовое предлежание (for ягодичное предлежание; a broader synonym in obstetrics)
• Antonyms:
  • Дуло (for казённик; refers to the muzzle or front of a gun)
  • Головное предлежание (for ягодичное предлежание; the opposite in childbirth, head-first position)

Related Phrases:

• Казённик с запирающим механизмом - A breech with a locking mechanism; used in discussions of gun safety.
• Ягодичное предлежание при родах - Breech position during delivery; common in obstetric reports.
• Автоматический казённик - Automatic breech; refers to modern firearm designs.

Usage Notes:

• The English word "breech" corresponds most closely to "казённик" in technical contexts and "ягодичное предлежание" in medical ones; always consider the domain to choose the right translation.
• Use "казённик" in formal, written contexts like military manuals, as it is a standard term; avoid it in casual speech.
• "Ягодичное предлежание" is restricted to professional medical language; in everyday Russian, people might simplify to "поперечное предлежание" for related positions.
• Grammatically, both terms require attention to Russian case endings; for example, use the genitive case after prepositions like "в" (in the breech: в казённике).
• When multiple translations exist, prioritize based on context: technical for firearms, medical for childbirth.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing "казённик" with "затвор" (which means "bolt" or "lock" more broadly). Correct: Use "казённик" specifically for the breech of a gun. Example of error: "Затвор был повреждён" instead of "Казённик был повреждён." Explanation: This can lead to imprecise terminology in technical discussions.
• Error: Omitting case endings, e.g., saying "в казённик" instead of "в казённике." Correct: Always decline the noun appropriately. Example of error: "Проблема в казённик" (incorrect). Correct example: "Проблема в казённике." Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, which English learners often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

The term "казённик" has historical connotations in Russian culture, often appearing in literature about warfare, such as in Tolstoy's works, where it symbolizes the mechanics of conflict. In medical contexts, "ягодичное предлежание" reflects advancements in Russian obstetrics, influenced by Soviet-era healthcare practices that emphasized detailed anatomical terminology.

Related Concepts:

• Дуло
• Предлежание
• Оружие
• Роды