Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'buildup'

English Word: buildup

Key Russian Translations:

• накопление /nəkɐˈplʲenʲije/ - [Formal, Noun]
• наращивание /nərəʂʲiˈvanʲije/ - [Formal, Noun, Often used in military or strategic contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in technical, business, and news contexts, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of noun declensions and contextual usage)

Pronunciation (Russian):

накопление: /nəkɐˈplʲenʲije/ (Stress on the third syllable; the 'п' is pronounced as a soft 'p' sound)

Note on накопление: Be cautious with the soft 'л' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers; it's similar to the 'l' in "million" but softer.

наращивание: /nərəʂʲiˈvanʲije/ (The 'щ' sound is a voiceless palatal fricative, akin to 'sh' in "she" but more sibilant)

Note on наращивание: This word has a rolling 'р' which is typical in Russian; practice with native audio for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Accumulation or gradual increase (e.g., of resources, tension, or forces)

Translation(s) & Context:

• накопление - Used in formal contexts like economics or science to describe the process of building up over time.
• наращивание - Applied in strategic or military scenarios, emphasizing expansion or intensification.

Usage Examples:

• Экономическое накопление ресурсов позволяет стране выдерживать кризисы.

  Economic buildup of resources allows the country to withstand crises.

• Военное наращивание войск на границе вызывает международные опасения.

  The military buildup of troops at the border raises international concerns.

• Постепенное накопление опыта приводит к профессиональному росту.

  The gradual buildup of experience leads to professional growth.

• Наращивание напряжения в отношениях между странами может привести к конфликту.

  The buildup of tension in relations between countries can lead to conflict.

• Финансовое накопление капитала является ключем к инвестициям.

  Financial buildup of capital is key to investments.

Meaning 2: Construction or physical addition (e.g., in architecture or engineering)

Translation(s) & Context:

• накопление - Less common for physical building; used metaphorically for layering or adding materials.
• наращивание - Preferred for literal expansion, such as in construction projects.

Usage Examples:

• Наращивание стен здания требует дополнительных материалов.

  The buildup of the building's walls requires additional materials.

• Процесс накопления слоев в почве влияет на сельское хозяйство.

  The buildup of layers in the soil affects agriculture.

• Инженеры занимаются наращиванием инфраструктуры города.

  Engineers are working on the buildup of the city's infrastructure.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "накопление" and "наращивание" are neuter nouns in Russian, following standard third-declension patterns. They are derived from verbs and exhibit regular inflection based on case, number, and gender.

These nouns do not have irregular forms, making them straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are mastered.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • аккумуляция (akkumulyatsiya) - Similar to накопление, but more technical in financial contexts.
  • увеличение (uvelichenie) - General synonym for growth or expansion, less specific than наращивание.
• Antonyms:
  • уменьшение (uменьsheniye) - Reduction or decrease.
  • сокращение (sokrashcheniye) - Diminution or cutting back.

Related Phrases:

• накопление капитала - Buildup of capital; refers to the accumulation of financial resources for investment.
• наращивание мощи - Buildup of power; commonly used in military or political discussions.
• постепенное накопление опыта - Gradual buildup of experience; emphasizes long-term skill development.

Usage Notes:

"Buildup" translates most accurately to "накопление" for abstract accumulation and "наращивание" for strategic or physical expansion. Choose "наращивание" in contexts involving intensification, as it conveys a sense of active growth. These words are typically formal and appear in written Russian or professional speech; avoid them in casual conversations. Grammatically, always consider noun declension based on sentence structure to ensure agreement with other elements.

• When translating idioms, "buildup" might not have a direct equivalent; use context to select the best fit.
• In business English, pair with "накопление" for reports, but verify regional variations in Russian-speaking countries.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse "накопление" with "накопить" (a verb meaning "to accumulate"), leading to incorrect verb-noun usage. For example:

• Error: *Я сделал накопление денег. (Incorrect: Mixing noun and verb forms.)
• Correct: Я произвёл накопление денег. (Proper noun usage, or better: Я накопил денег for the verb form.)
• Another common mistake is overusing "наращивание" in non-strategic contexts; it might sound overly dramatic. Instead of *наращивание еды* for "buildup of food," use "накопление еды" for naturalness.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like "наращивание" often carry historical connotations from the Soviet era, where military buildup was a key theme in propaganda and policy. This can add a layer of intensity to discussions, reflecting Russia's strategic history and current geopolitical sensitivities.

Related Concepts:

• развитие (development)
• расширение (expansion)
• скопление (gathering or cluster)