Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'born'

English Word: born

Key Russian Translations:

• рождённый [rɐʐˈdʲonːɨj] - [Formal, Past Participle, Often used in written or literary contexts]
• родился [rɐˈdʲilsʲə] - [Informal, Past Tense, Masculine, Commonly used in spoken language]

Frequency: High

Difficulty: A2 (Beginner-Intermediate for 'родился'; B1 for 'рождённый' due to formal usage and grammatical complexity)

Pronunciation (Russian):

рождённый: [rɐʐˈdʲonːɨj]

Note on рождённый: Stress falls on the second syllable. The 'ё' is always stressed and pronounced as 'yo'.

родился: [rɐˈdʲilsʲə]

Note on родился: Stress on the second syllable. The ending varies based on gender (masculine form shown here).

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. To come into existence through birth

Translation(s) & Context:

• родился - Used in everyday speech to describe someone's birth (past tense, masculine).
• рождённый - More formal or literary, often used as an adjective or in compound phrases.

Usage Examples:

• Я родился в Москве в 1990 году.

  I was born in Moscow in 1990.

• Она родилась в маленькой деревне.

  She was born in a small village.

• Рождённый в бедности, он добился успеха.

  Born in poverty, he achieved success.

• Когда ты родился?

  When were you born?

• Этот проект рождён из мечты.

  This project was born out of a dream.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

родился (from verb 'родиться' - to be born, reflexive verb):

рождённый (past passive participle of 'родить' - to give birth):

Note: 'рождённый' declines as a regular adjective and agrees with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for 'родился' / 'рождённый':

• появился на свет (literal: appeared into the world)
• увидеть свет (literal: to see the light, formal)

Note: 'появился на свет' is often used interchangeably with 'родился' in casual speech, while 'увидеть свет' is more poetic.

Antonyms:

• умер (died)

Related Phrases:

• родиться под счастливой звездой - to be born under a lucky star (to be naturally lucky).
• день рождения - birthday (literally: day of birth).
• рождённый в рубашке - born in a shirt (a Russian idiom meaning 'very lucky').

Usage Notes:

• 'родился' is the most common way to express 'was born' in everyday Russian speech. It is a past tense form of the reflexive verb 'родиться' and must agree in gender and number with the subject.
• 'рождённый' is more formal and often used as an adjective or in literary contexts. It can imply a metaphorical 'birth' (e.g., an idea being born).
• When asking about someone's birth, use 'Когда ты родился?' (for males) or 'Когда ты родилась?' (for females).

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'рождённый' in casual speech to describe a person's birth. Incorrect: *Я рождённый в 1990 году.* Correct: Я родился в 1990 году. (Explanation: 'рождённый' sounds overly formal and unnatural in spoken language for personal statements.)
• Error: Forgetting gender agreement with 'родился'. Incorrect: *Она родился в Москве.* Correct: Она родилась в Москве. (Explanation: The verb must match the subject's gender.)

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, birthdays ('день рождения') are significant events, often celebrated with family and friends. It is common to wish someone 'С днём рождения!' (Happy Birthday!) and offer gifts or toasts. The concept of being 'born' also carries symbolic weight in Russian literature and proverbs, often tied to fate or destiny (e.g., 'родиться под счастливой звездой' - to be born under a lucky star).

Related Concepts:

• день рождения (birthday)
• рождение (birth, noun form)
• родители (parents)