Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Biological'

English Word: Biological

Key Russian Translations:

• биологический [bʲɪəlɐˈɡʲitɕɪskʲɪj] - [Formal, General Use]
• био- [bʲɪo] - [Informal, Often as a Prefix in Compounds]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for "биологический"; A2 (Beginner) for "био-"

Pronunciation (Russian):

биологический: [bʲɪəlɐˈɡʲitɕɪskʲɪj]

Note on биологический: Stress falls on the third syllable (ги). The soft "л" sound might be challenging for non-native speakers.

био-: [bʲɪo]

Note on био-: Often unstressed when used as a prefix; pronounced quickly in compound words.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Related to Biology or Living Organisms

Translation(s) & Context:

• биологический - Used in scientific, academic, or formal contexts to describe anything related to biology or living organisms.

Usage Examples:

• Биологический процесс играет ключевую роль в экосистеме.

  The biological process plays a key role in the ecosystem.

• Она изучает биологическое разнообразие в университете.

  She studies biological diversity at the university.

• Биологический возраст может отличаться от хронологического.

  Biological age may differ from chronological age.

2. Related to Natural or Organic (Informal/Compounds)

Translation(s) & Context:

• био- - Used as a prefix in informal or marketing contexts, often to denote organic or natural products.

Usage Examples:

• Я покупаю только био-продукты для своей семьи.

  I only buy bio-products for my family.

• Этот шампунь — био, без химикатов.

  This shampoo is bio, without chemicals.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

биологический: This is an adjective and declines according to standard Russian adjective rules based on gender, number, and case.

био-: This is a prefix and does not change form. It is always attached to another word.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for биологический:

• жизненный (in specific contexts, meaning "vital" or "life-related")
• органический (often used for "organic" in a biological sense)

Note: "органический" may overlap in meaning but is more commonly used for "organic chemistry" or "organic products."

Antonyms for биологический:

• неорганический (inorganic, non-biological)
• искусственный (artificial, non-natural)

Related Phrases:

• биологическое оружие - Biological weapon
• биологическое разнообразие - Biological diversity (biodiversity)
• био-технологии - Bio-technologies
• био-органические продукты - Bio-organic products

Usage Notes:

• "биологический" is the standard term for anything related to biology or life sciences and is appropriate in formal and academic contexts.
• "био-" as a prefix is more colloquial and often appears in commercial or trendy contexts, such as "bio-products" or "bio-friendly." It is less precise and should not be used in scientific writing.
• Be mindful of adjective agreement in Russian; "биологический" must match the gender, number, and case of the noun it modifies.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "био-" as a standalone word or in formal contexts.
  Incorrect: Это био процесс.
  Correct: Это биологический процесс.
  Explanation: "био-" is a prefix and should not replace "биологический" in formal or scientific contexts.
• Error: Failing to decline "биологический" according to the noun it describes.
  Incorrect: Я изучаю биологический наука.
  Correct: Я изучаю биологическую науку.
  Explanation: The adjective must agree with the feminine noun "наука" (science) in the accusative case.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian-speaking countries, the term "био-" has gained popularity in recent years due to the global trend toward organic and sustainable products. However, it can sometimes carry a marketing connotation rather than a scientific one, so native speakers might be skeptical of "био-" labels unless backed by certification.

Related Concepts:

• экология (ecology)
• организм (organism)
• генетика (genetics)
• природа (nature)