Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'barred'

English Word: barred

Key Russian Translations:

• запрещенный [zəprʲɪˈʃʲɛnnɨj] - [Formal]
• полосатый [pələˈsatɨj] - [Informal, when referring to striped patterns]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in legal, safety, and descriptive contexts)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian adjectives and inflections)

Pronunciation (Russian):

запрещенный: [zəprʲɪˈʃʲɛnnɨj]

Note on запрещенный: The stress falls on the third syllable ("ʃʲɛnnɨj"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft consonants. Pronounce it with a clear "r" sound.

полосатый: [pələˈsatɨj]

Note on полосатый: The ending "ый" softens to "yj" in pronunciation; it's often used in everyday descriptions.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Prohibited or forbidden (e.g., barred from entry)

Translation(s) & Context:

• запрещенный - Used in formal contexts like laws, signs, or regulations to indicate something is not allowed.

Usage Examples:

• Этот вход запрещен для посетителей после 22:00. (This entrance is barred for visitors after 10 PM.)

  This entrance is prohibited for visitors after 10 PM.

• Запрещенный товар был конфискован на границе. (The barred goods were confiscated at the border.)

  The prohibited goods were confiscated at the border.

• В парке есть зоны, где запрещено курить. (In the park, there are areas where smoking is barred.)

  In the park, there are areas where smoking is prohibited.

• Его доступ запрещен из-за нарушения правил. (His access is barred due to rule violations.)

  His access is prohibited due to rule violations.

Meaning 2: Striped or marked with bars (e.g., barred pattern)

Translation(s) & Context:

• полосатый - Used in informal or descriptive contexts, such as fashion, animals, or designs.

Usage Examples:

• Эта рубашка полосатая и очень модная. (This shirt is barred and very fashionable.)

  This shirt is striped and very fashionable.

• Тигр имеет полосатую шкуру, которая помогает ему camouflage. (The tiger has a barred fur that helps with camouflage.)

  The tiger has striped fur that helps with camouflage.

• Полосатый узор на ковре делает комнату ярче. (The barred pattern on the carpet makes the room brighter.)

  The striped pattern on the carpet makes the room brighter.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For запрещенный (an adjective), it follows standard Russian adjective declension patterns, which vary by gender, number, and case. It is a regular adjective.

For полосатый (also an adjective), it follows the same regular declension pattern as above. No irregular forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: запрещенный (similar to restricted), ограниченный (limited, with a connotation of boundaries)
• Antonyms: разрешенный (permitted, often used in legal contexts)

Related Phrases:

• Запрещенный доступ - Refers to forbidden access, commonly used in security contexts.
• Полосатый узор - Means a striped pattern, often in design or fashion descriptions.
• Запрещенный товар - Indicates prohibited goods, as in customs regulations.

Usage Notes:

"Barred" in English often implies prohibition or physical barring, which aligns closely with "запрещенный" in Russian. Use "запрещенный" in formal or official settings, such as legal documents, while "полосатый" is better for descriptive purposes like patterns. Be mindful of Russian adjective agreement: always match gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. For example, choose "запрещенный" over other synonyms if the context involves strict enforcement. In spoken Russian, "запрещенный" might sound more authoritative than everyday alternatives.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "запретить" (a verb meaning "to prohibit") instead of the adjective "запрещенный". Correct: Say "Этот вход запрещен" instead of "Этот вход запретить". Explanation: "Запретить" is an action verb, while "barred" here is a state, so the adjective form is needed.

• Error: Forgetting to inflect the adjective, e.g., saying "запрещенный дом" for a feminine noun like "дверь" (door) without changing to "запрещенная". Correct: Use "запрещенная дверь". Explanation: Russian requires adjective-noun agreement to maintain grammatical accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "запрещенный" often evoke themes of authority and regulation, stemming from historical contexts such as Soviet-era restrictions. For instance, in modern Russia, "запрещенный" might be used in signage for public spaces, reflecting a cultural emphasis on order and compliance in daily life.

Related Concepts:

• доступ
• ограничение
• паттерн