Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Bibliography'

English Word: Bibliography

Key Russian Translations:

• библиография [ˌbʲɪblʲɪɐˈɡrafʲɪjə] - [Formal, Academic]
• список литературы [ˈspʲisək lʲɪtʲɪrɐˈturɨ] - [Formal, Commonly Used in Academic Writing]

Frequency: Medium (often used in academic and research contexts)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate) for both translations due to specific academic usage

Pronunciation (Russian):

библиография: [ˌbʲɪblʲɪɐˈɡrafʲɪjə]

Note on библиография: Stress falls on the fourth syllable "-гра-". The "г" is pronounced as a voiced fricative [ɡ].

список литературы: [ˈspʲisək lʲɪtʲɪrɐˈturɨ]

Note on список литературы: Stress is on the first syllable of "список" and the third syllable of "литературы".

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. A list of books or sources used in academic work

Translation(s) & Context:

• библиография - Used in formal academic contexts to refer to a comprehensive list of references or the study of books.
• список литературы - Commonly used to refer to a reference list at the end of an academic paper or book.

Usage Examples:

• В конце статьи приведена подробная библиография.

  A detailed bibliography is provided at the end of the article.

• Студенты должны составить список литературы для своих исследований.

  Students must compile a list of references for their research.

• Её библиография включает более ста источников.

  Her bibliography includes over a hundred sources.

• Преподаватель проверил список литературы на наличие ошибок.

  The teacher checked the reference list for errors.

• Библиография этой книги очень полезна для дальнейших исследований.

  The bibliography of this book is very useful for further research.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

библиография (feminine noun, 1st declension):

список литературы (compound phrase; "список" is masculine, 2nd declension; "литературы" is genitive of "литература", feminine, 1st declension). Both components decline based on their respective rules.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for библиография:

• список литературы (more common in academic papers)
• список источников (used for broader reference lists including non-book sources)

Note: "список литературы" is more specific to literary works, while "список источников" includes various source types.

Antonyms: None directly applicable for this term.

Related Phrases:

• составить библиографию - to compile a bibliography
• список литературы по теме - reference list on the topic
• аннотированная библиография - annotated bibliography

Usage Notes:

• "библиография" can refer to both a list of references and the academic field of studying books and their history. Use context to determine the intended meaning.
• "список литературы" is more practical and commonly used in educational or academic writing to denote the references section.
• Both terms are formal and should not be used in casual conversation unless discussing academic topics.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "библиография" to mean a library. Incorrect: *Я нашел книгу в библиографии.* (I found a book in the bibliography.)
  Correct: Use "библиотека" for library: *Я нашел книгу в библиотеке.* (I found a book in the library.)
  Explanation: "библиография" refers to a list of references, not a physical place.
• Error: Incorrect declension of "список литературы" by not declining "литературы". Incorrect: *Я добавил в список литература.*
  Correct: *Я добавил в список литературы.*
  Explanation: "литературы" must be in the genitive case as it follows "список".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian academic culture, a well-organized "список литературы" is crucial for any scholarly work. It is often formatted according to strict guidelines (e.g., ГОСТ standards), reflecting the importance of precision and formality in Russian academia.

Related Concepts:

• литература (literature)
• источник (source)
• ссылка (reference/citation)