Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Bankruptcy'

English Word: Bankruptcy

Key Russian Translations:

• банкротство [bankˈrotstvə] - [Formal, Most Common]
• несостоятельность [nʲɪsəstəˈjatʲɪlnəstʲ] - [Formal, Legal Context]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal and financial contexts)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate) for both translations

Pronunciation (Russian):

банкротство: [bankˈrotstvə]

Note on банкротство: Stress falls on the second syllable ("rot"). The "о" in "рот" is pronounced as a short "o".

несостоятельность: [nʲɪsəstəˈjatʲɪlnəstʲ]

Note on несостоятельность: Stress falls on the fourth syllable ("ja"). The word is longer and may be challenging for beginners due to consonant clusters.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Legal or Financial Insolvency

Translation(s) & Context:

• банкротство - Used in both personal and corporate insolvency contexts, most common term.
• несостоятельность - Primarily used in formal legal contexts, often in written documents or court proceedings.

Usage Examples:

• Компания объявила о банкротстве после трёх лет убытков.

  The company declared bankruptcy after three years of losses.

• Его банкротство стало неожиданностью для всех друзей.

  His bankruptcy came as a surprise to all his friends.

• Суд признал несостоятельность должника по всем обязательствам.

  The court recognized the debtor's insolvency on all obligations.

• Несостоятельность предприятия привела к массовым сокращениям.

  The insolvency of the enterprise led to mass layoffs.

• После банкротства он начал всё с нуля.

  After bankruptcy, he started everything from scratch.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

банкротство (Noun, Neuter): Regular declension for neuter nouns ending in -о.

Note: No plural form, as it is typically used as a singular abstract concept.

несостоятельность (Noun, Feminine): Regular declension for feminine nouns ending in -ость.

Note: No plural form, as it is an abstract noun.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms:

• разорение (More informal, often implies ruin or devastation)
• крах (Broader term for collapse or failure, not strictly legal)

Antonyms:

• платёжеспособность (Solvency)
• процветание (Prosperity)

Related Phrases:

• объявить банкротство - To declare bankruptcy (common in legal and personal contexts).
• признать несостоятельность - To recognize insolvency (used in formal legal proceedings).
• на грани банкротства - On the verge of bankruptcy (colloquial expression).

Usage Notes:

• Choosing between translations: Use "банкротство" for general discussions of bankruptcy, whether personal or corporate. Reserve "несостоятельность" for formal, legal, or written contexts, especially in court documents.
• Register: Both terms are formal, but "банкротство" is more widely understood by the general public.
• Grammar: Both nouns are abstract and typically used in singular form. They do not take direct objects but often appear with verbs like "объявить" (to declare) or "признать" (to recognize).

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "банкротство" in highly technical legal texts where "несостоятельность" is expected.
  Incorrect: Суд рассмотрел банкротство компании.
  Correct: Суд рассмотрел несостоятельность компании.
  Explanation: In formal legal proceedings, "несостоятельность" is the preferred term.
• Error: Misusing case endings due to unfamiliarity with declension.
  Incorrect: Я узнал о банкротство.
  Correct: Я узнал о банкротстве.
  Explanation: Prepositional case requires the ending -е for "банкротство".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, bankruptcy ("банкротство") carries a significant social stigma, often associated with personal failure or mismanagement. Discussions around it may be sensitive, especially in personal contexts. The term "разорение" (ruin) may also be used colloquially to express a more emotional or dramatic sense of financial collapse.

Related Concepts:

• долг (Debt)
• кредит (Credit)
• ликвидация (Liquidation)