Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Bankrupt'

English Word: Bankrupt

Key Russian Translations:

• банкрот [bɐnˈkrot] - [Formal, Singular]
• несостоятельный [nʲɪsɐsˈtojatʲɪlʲnɨj] - [Formal, Adjective]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate) for both translations

Pronunciation (Russian):

банкрот: [bɐnˈkrot]

Note on банкрот: Stress falls on the second syllable. The 'o' is pronounced as a short, unstressed 'a' sound in the first syllable due to vowel reduction.

несостоятельный: [nʲɪsɐsˈtojatʲɪlʲnɨj]

Note on несостоятельный: Stress on the third syllable. The 'е' is palatalized, softening the preceding consonant.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Financially Insolvent (Person or Company)

Translation(s) & Context:

• банкрот - Used for a person or company officially declared unable to pay debts, often in legal or formal contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Он был объявлен банкротом после краха бизнеса.

  He was declared bankrupt after the collapse of his business.

• Компания стала банкротом из-за долгов.

  The company became bankrupt due to debts.

• Банкрот не может получить новый кредит.

  A bankrupt cannot obtain a new loan.

2. Unable to Pay Debts (General or Descriptive)

Translation(s) & Context:

• несостоятельный - Used as an adjective to describe someone or something unable to meet financial obligations, often less formal than 'банкрот'.

Usage Examples:

• Его бизнес оказался несостоятельным.

  His business turned out to be insolvent.

• Несостоятельный должник потерял всё.

  The insolvent debtor lost everything.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

банкрот (Noun, Masculine):

несостоятельный (Adjective): Declines as a regular adjective, agreeing in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. Example: несостоятельный (masc.), несостоятельная (fem.), несостоятельное (neut.).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for банкрот:

• разорённый (ruined, financially destroyed)
• неплатёжеспособный (insolvent)

Note: 'разорённый' often implies a more emotional or dramatic tone, while 'неплатёжеспособный' is more technical.

Antonyms for банкрот:

• платёжеспособный (solvent)
• успешный (successful)

Related Phrases:

• объявить банкротом - To declare bankrupt (used in legal or formal contexts).
• стать банкротом - To become bankrupt (common in general speech).
• несостоятельный должник - Insolvent debtor (often used in financial discussions).

Usage Notes:

• 'банкрот' is primarily a noun and is used in formal or legal contexts to refer to a person or entity officially declared bankrupt. It is the most direct translation of 'bankrupt' as a noun.
• 'несостоятельный' is an adjective and can describe a broader sense of insolvency or inadequacy, not always tied to legal bankruptcy. It is often used in less formal or descriptive contexts.
• When choosing between the two, consider whether you're referring to a status (use 'банкрот') or a characteristic (use 'несостоятельный').

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'банкрот' as an adjective. Incorrect: *банкрот бизнес*. Correct: 'несостоятельный бизнес' (insolvent business). Explanation: 'банкрот' is a noun and cannot modify another noun directly.
• Error: Misusing cases with 'банкрот'. Incorrect: *Я видел банкрот*. Correct: 'Я видел банкрота' (Accusative case). Explanation: Russian nouns change form based on their grammatical role in the sentence.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, being declared 'банкрот' carries a significant social stigma, often associated with failure or irresponsibility. Discussions about bankruptcy are typically formal and tied to legal proceedings. The term may evoke stronger negative connotations than in some English-speaking contexts.

Related Concepts:

• долг (debt)
• кредит (credit)
• финансовый кризис (financial crisis)