Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'astigmatism'

English Word: astigmatism

Key Russian Translations:

• астигматизм /ɐsʲtʲɪɡˈma.tʲɪzm/ - [Formal, Medical]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in medical and professional contexts; not common in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: C1 (Advanced, suitable for learners with a strong grasp of medical terminology and Russian grammar; requires familiarity with loanwords from English/Greek.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

астигматизм: /ɐsʲtʲɪɡˈma.tʲɪzm/

Note on астигматизм: This word is a loanword from Greek via English, so the pronunciation emphasizes the stressed syllable ("ma"). Pay attention to the palatalized 't' sound (/tʲ/), which is common in Russian but may be challenging for English speakers. Variations in regional accents might soften the vowels slightly.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: A refractive error of the eye causing blurred vision due to an irregularly shaped cornea or lens.

Translation(s) & Context:

• астигматизм - Used in formal medical discussions, such as during eye exams or in ophthalmology texts. Context: Describing visual impairments in a clinical setting.

Usage Examples:

• У меня диагностировали астигматизм, и теперь я ношу специальные очки.

  Translation: I was diagnosed with astigmatism, and now I wear special glasses.

• Астигматизм может быть врожденным или приобретенным в результате травмы.

  Translation: Astigmatism can be congenital or acquired as a result of injury.

• Врачи рекомендуют регулярные проверки зрения, чтобы timely выявить астигматизм.

  Translation: Doctors recommend regular vision checks to timely detect astigmatism.

• Из-за астигматизма у нее часто бывает размытый текст при чтении.

  Translation: Because of astigmatism, she often experiences blurry text when reading.

• Лечение астигматизма включает коррекцию линзами или хирургическое вмешательство.

  Translation: Treatment for astigmatism includes correction with lenses or surgical intervention.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Астигматизм" is a masculine noun (3rd declension) borrowed from English/Greek, and it follows standard Russian noun inflection patterns. It is indeclinable in most cases due to its foreign origin, but when it does inflect, it adheres to basic rules for masculine nouns ending in a consonant.

Note: In modern Russian, this word is often used without inflection in scientific contexts, but the table above shows potential forms for grammatical accuracy.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • астигматия (less common variant, used interchangeably in some medical texts; implies a similar refractive error but with a slight historical nuance).
• Antonyms: None directly applicable, as this is a specific medical condition. However, terms like "нормальное зрение" (normal vision) could be considered conceptually opposite.

Related Phrases:

• астигматизм роговицы - Phrase meaning "corneal astigmatism"; used in eye examinations to specify the type of condition.
• коррекция астигматизма - Phrase meaning "astigmatism correction"; refers to treatments like glasses or surgery.
• врожденный астигматизм - Phrase meaning "congenital astigmatism"; describes a condition present from birth.

Usage Notes:

This translation directly corresponds to the English medical term "astigmatism," which is a loanword in Russian. It is primarily used in formal, professional contexts such as healthcare discussions. When speaking Russian, ensure the word is placed correctly in sentences, often as the subject or object in declarative statements about health. For English speakers, note that Russian sentence structure might differ; for example, adjectives or modifiers often precede the noun. If multiple translations exist, "астигматизм" is the most precise and widely accepted choice in contemporary Russian.

Common Errors:

• Mispronouncing the word: Learners often say /ɐsʲtʲɪɡma.tizm/ incorrectly as /as.tiɡ.ma.tizm/, omitting the palatalization. Correct usage: Always emphasize the palatalized consonants to sound natural. Example of error: Saying "астигматизм" without the /ʲ/ sound; Correct: /ɐsʲtʲɪɡˈma.tʲɪzm/.
• Using it in informal contexts: Beginners might overuse it in casual talk, e.g., "У меня астигматизм" in everyday chat, which is fine, but pair it with simpler explanations to avoid confusion. Error: Treating it as everyday vocabulary; Correct: Reserve for medical discussions.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, eye health is a significant aspect of general healthcare, influenced by historical Soviet-era medical advancements. Terms like "астигматизм" reflect the integration of Western medical terminology into Russian, especially post-1990s. While not culturally loaded, it underscores the importance of regular health check-ups in Russian society, where free or low-cost medical services are common.

Related Concepts:

• миопия (myopia)
• гиперметропия (hyperopia)
• катаракта (cataract)