Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Asthma'

English Word: Asthma

Key Russian Translations:

• астма [ˈastmə] - [Formal, Medical]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate)

Pronunciation (Russian):

астма: [ˈastmə]

Note on астма: The stress falls on the first syllable, which is typical for many Russian medical terms borrowed from other languages.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. A chronic respiratory condition

Translation(s) & Context:

• астма - Used in medical contexts or formal discussions about respiratory conditions.

Usage Examples:

• У моего брата астма, и он всегда носит ингалятор.

  My brother has asthma, and he always carries an inhaler.

• Астма может обостряться весной из-за аллергии.

  Asthma can worsen in spring due to allergies.

• Врач сказал, что астма требует регулярного лечения.

  The doctor said that asthma requires regular treatment.

• У неё приступ астмы, нужно срочно помочь.

  She’s having an asthma attack; we need to help her urgently.

• Астма часто передаётся по наследству.

  Asthma is often hereditary.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

The Russian word астма is a feminine noun and follows the standard declension pattern for feminine nouns ending in -а in Russian. It does not have irregular forms.

Note: The word астма is rarely used in plural form as it typically refers to the condition in general.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms:

• бронхиальная астма (specifically refers to bronchial asthma, more precise in medical contexts)

Antonyms:

• None applicable (as asthma is a medical condition, there is no direct antonym in Russian).

Related Phrases:

• приступ астмы - An asthma attack; used to describe a sudden worsening of symptoms.
• бронхиальная астма - Bronchial asthma; a more specific medical term for the condition.
• лечение астмы - Treatment of asthma; often used in medical discussions.

Usage Notes:

• The Russian word астма is a direct borrowing from Latin/Greek via other European languages and is used almost exclusively in formal or medical contexts.
• It is not typically replaced by colloquial expressions in everyday speech; instead, people may describe symptoms (e.g., "трудно дышать" - "hard to breathe") if avoiding the medical term.
• Be mindful of the grammatical gender (feminine) when using adjectives or pronouns with астма.

Common Errors:

• Incorrect Stress Placement: English speakers may mistakenly stress the second syllable of астма as [astˈma]. Correct stress is on the first syllable: [ˈastmə].
• Wrong Case Usage: Beginners might use the nominative case incorrectly in sentences requiring other cases, e.g., saying "Я страдаю астма" instead of the correct "Я страдаю астмой" (instrumental case).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian-speaking cultures, asthma, like other chronic conditions, may carry a social stigma in some communities, and people might avoid discussing it openly. Awareness and medical treatment for asthma have improved in recent decades, but access to inhalers or specialized care can still be limited in rural areas.

Related Concepts:

• аллергия (allergy)
• бронхит (bronchitis)
• ингалятор (inhaler)
• одышка (shortness of breath)