Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'arable'

English Word: arable

Key Russian Translations:

• пахотный [pɐˈxotnɨj] - [Formal, used in agricultural or technical contexts]
• земледельческий [zʲɪm.lʲɪˈdʲelʲ.skʲɪj] - [Formal, less common, implies broader farming practices]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in discussions about agriculture, geography, or environmental topics, but not in everyday casual conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, per CEFR; requires understanding of Russian adjectives and their inflections; the first translation 'пахотный' is straightforward, while 'земледельческий' may be slightly more advanced due to its length and specificity)

Pronunciation (Russian):

пахотный: [pɐˈxotnɨj]

земледельческий: [zʲɪm.lʲɪˈdʲelʲ.skʲɪj]

Note on пахотный: The stress is on the second syllable ('xot'), and the 'х' sound is a guttural fricative, which can be challenging for English speakers; be careful with the soft 'н' in certain inflections.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Land that is suitable for growing crops or farming activities.

Translation(s) & Context:

• пахотный - Used in formal contexts like scientific reports, geography, or agriculture to describe land that can be plowed and cultivated.
• земледельческий - Applied in broader contexts involving sustainable farming or historical land use, often in academic or policy discussions.

Usage Examples:

• В России большая часть пахотной земли находится в чернозёмных регионах.

  In Russia, most of the arable land is located in the black soil regions.

• Эта пахотная почва позволяет выращивать разнообразные культуры, такие как пшеница и кукуруза.

  This arable soil allows for growing a variety of crops, such as wheat and corn.

• Из-за засухи пахотные поля в этом районе потеряли свою плодородность.

  Due to the drought, the arable fields in this area have lost their fertility.

• Земледельческий подход к использованию пахотной земли помогает сохранить экосистему.

  The farming approach to using arable land helps preserve the ecosystem.

• Многие фермеры инвестируют в улучшение пахотных земель для повышения урожайности.

  Many farmers invest in improving arable lands to increase yields.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are adjectives, which inflect based on gender, number, and case in Russian. 'Пахотный' follows regular adjective patterns, while 'земледельческий' is also regular but longer and more complex. Below is a table for 'пахотный' as an example; 'земледельческий' follows similar rules.

For 'земледельческий', it inflects similarly but may vary slightly in everyday usage due to its length. These adjectives do not have irregular forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • культивируемый (cultivatable; often used in modern agricultural contexts)
  • плодородный (fertile; implies high productivity, with a subtle difference from 'пахотный', which focuses on plowability)
• Antonyms:
  • бесплодный (barren; used for land that cannot support crops)
  • непахотный (non-arable; directly opposite in meaning)

Related Phrases:

• пахотные земли - Arable lands; refers to areas designated for farming.
• пахотный слой почвы - Arable soil layer; used in discussions about soil science.
• земледельческий цикл - Farming cycle; a broader phrase involving agricultural processes.

Usage Notes:

'Arable' directly corresponds to 'пахотный' in most contexts, but choose 'земледельческий' for more comprehensive farming implications. In Russian, these adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify, which is a key grammatical difference from English. For example, use 'пахотная земля' for feminine nouns. They are typically formal, so avoid in casual speech; instead, opt for simpler terms in everyday conversations. When selecting between translations, 'пахотный' is more precise for basic arable land, while 'земледельческий' suits discussions on sustainable practices.

Common Errors:

• English learners often forget to inflect the adjective correctly, e.g., saying "пахотный земля" instead of "пахотная земля" (error: wrong gender agreement). Correct: Always match the adjective to the noun's gender and case.
• Confusing 'пахотный' with 'плодородный', thinking they mean the same; error example: Using 'плодородный' for purely plowable land. Correct: 'Пахотный' emphasizes suitability for plowing, while 'плодородный' means fertile—use based on context.
• Overusing in informal settings; error: Saying "Эта пахотный область" in casual talk. Correct: Reserve for formal or technical discussions to sound natural.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, terms like 'пахотный' are tied to the country's vast agricultural history, including the fertile black earth regions (chernozem) that have been central to grain production since the tsarist era. This reflects Russia's role as a major exporter of wheat, and understanding such vocabulary can deepen appreciation for how land use shapes cultural and economic identity.

Related Concepts:

• урожай (harvest)
• ферма (farm)
• чернозём (black soil)