Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'abnormality'

English Word: abnormality

Key Russian Translations:

• аномалия [ɐnɐˈmalʲɪjə] - [Formal, Scientific]
• отклонение [ɐtkɫɐˈnʲenʲɪjə] - [Neutral, General]
• ненормальность [nʲɪnɐrˈmalʲnɐsʲtʲ] - [Informal, Conversational]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in specific contexts like medicine or science)

Difficulty: B1-B2 (Intermediate; varies by term - "аномалия" is B2, "отклонение" is B1)

Pronunciation (Russian):

аномалия: [ɐnɐˈmalʲɪjə]

Note on аномалия: Stress falls on the second syllable. The "л" sound is palatalized, which may be challenging for English speakers.

отклонение: [ɐtkɫɐˈnʲenʲɪjə]

Note on отклонение: Stress on the third syllable. Pay attention to the soft "н" sound.

ненормальность: [nʲɪnɐrˈmalʲnɐsʲtʲ]

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Deviation from the norm (General or Scientific)

Translation(s) & Context:

• аномалия - Used in scientific, medical, or technical contexts to describe an unusual condition or phenomenon.
• отклонение - More general, can refer to any deviation from a standard or norm, including behavior or data.

Usage Examples:

• Это генетическая аномалия, которая встречается редко.

  This is a genetic abnormality that occurs rarely.

• Его поведение - отклонение от общепринятых норм.

  His behavior is a deviation from accepted norms.

• В данных наблюдается отклонение от среднего значения.

  There is a deviation from the average value in the data.

2. Something unusual or odd (Conversational)

Translation(s) & Context:

• ненормальность - Used in everyday speech to describe something abnormal or strange, often with a negative connotation.

Usage Examples:

• В его словах есть какая-то ненормальность.

  There is some abnormality in his words.

• Эта ситуация полна ненормальности.

  This situation is full of abnormality.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

аномалия (feminine noun): Follows the regular 1st declension pattern for feminine nouns ending in -ия.

отклонение (neuter noun): Follows the regular 2nd declension pattern for neuter nouns ending in -ие.

ненормальность (feminine noun): Follows the regular 1st declension pattern for feminine nouns ending in -ость.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for аномалия/отклонение:

• неправильность
• исключение
• дефект (more specific to physical defects)

Note: "дефект" is often more negative and specific to flaws, unlike the neutral "аномалия".

Antonyms for аномалия/отклонение:

• норма
• стандарт

Related Phrases:

• генетическая аномалия - Genetic abnormality
• отклонение от нормы - Deviation from the norm
• психологическая ненормальность - Psychological abnormality

Usage Notes:

• "аномалия" is the most formal and is often used in scientific or medical contexts. It may sound overly technical in casual conversation.
• "отклонение" is versatile and can be used in both formal and informal settings, often for describing deviations in behavior, data, or standards.
• "ненормальность" carries a conversational tone and sometimes a negative connotation, implying something is "not right."
• Choosing between these depends on the context: use "аномалия" for technical discussions, "отклонение" for neutral descriptions, and "ненормальность" for informal or critical remarks.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "аномалия" in casual speech. Incorrect: "Его поведение - аномалия." (sounds overly formal and unnatural).
  Correct: "Его поведение - отклонение от нормы." or "Его поведение ненормально."
• Error: Misusing grammatical cases with these nouns, e.g., using nominative instead of accusative after verbs. Incorrect: "Я вижу аномалия."
  Correct: "Я вижу аномалию."

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the concept of "normality" can be quite rigid in certain social contexts. Describing something as an "аномалия" or "ненормальность" may carry a stronger judgment than in English, especially when referring to behavior. Be cautious when using these terms in personal contexts, as they might be perceived as harsh or critical.

Related Concepts:

• норма (norm)
• патология (pathology)
• дефект (defect)