Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'anticipate'

English Word: anticipate

Key Russian Translations:

• предвидеть [prʲɪdvʲɪˈdʲetʲ] - [Formal, Often used in planning or foresight contexts]
• ожидать [ɐʐɨˈdatʲ] - [Neutral, Common in everyday speech]
• предчувствовать [prʲɪtɕʊˈstvəvətʲ] - [Emotional, Often used for intuitive anticipation]

Frequency: Medium (used frequently in specific contexts like planning or expectation)

Difficulty: B1-B2 (Intermediate; varies slightly by translation: "ожидать" is B1, while "предчувствовать" is closer to B2)

Pronunciation (Russian):

предвидеть: [prʲɪdvʲɪˈdʲetʲ]

Note on предвидеть: Stress falls on the second syllable. The soft 'д' sound can be challenging for non-native speakers.

ожидать: [ɐʐɨˈdatʲ]

Note on ожидать: Stress on the second syllable. The initial 'о' is reduced to a schwa sound [ɐ] in unstressed position.

предчувствовать: [prʲɪtɕʊˈstvəvətʲ]

Note on предчувствовать: Stress on the third syllable. Pay attention to the soft 'ч' and 'в' sounds.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. To expect or look forward to something (general expectation)

Translation(s) & Context:

• ожидать - Commonly used for expecting events, outcomes, or arrivals in neutral or formal contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Мы ожидаем гостей к ужину.

  We are expecting guests for dinner.

• Она ожидает ответа на своё письмо.

  She is anticipating a reply to her letter.

• Все ожидают хороших новостей.

  Everyone is anticipating good news.

2. To foresee or predict something (planning or foresight)

Translation(s) & Context:

• предвидеть - Used in formal or analytical contexts to imply prediction or foreseeing potential outcomes.

Usage Examples:

• Он предвидел последствия этого решения.

  He anticipated the consequences of this decision.

• Экономисты предвидят рост цен.

  Economists anticipate a rise in prices.

• Трудно предвидеть, что произойдёт завтра.

  It’s hard to anticipate what will happen tomorrow.

3. To have a premonition or intuitive feeling about something (emotional anticipation)

Translation(s) & Context:

• предчувствовать - Used for emotional or intuitive anticipation, often with a sense of foreboding or instinct.

Usage Examples:

• Она предчувствовала беду перед поездкой.

  She anticipated trouble before the trip.

• Я предчувствую, что всё будет хорошо.

  I anticipate that everything will be fine.

• Он предчувствовал важное событие.

  He anticipated an important event.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

предвидеть (verb, imperfective): This verb follows regular conjugation patterns for verbs ending in -еть. Below is the present tense conjugation:

ожидать (verb, imperfective): Regular conjugation for verbs ending in -ать. Similar structure to above (omitted for brevity).

предчувствовать (verb, imperfective): Regular conjugation for verbs ending in -овать. Stress shifts in some forms, which can be tricky.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for ожидать:

• ждать (more casual, often for waiting)
• надеяться (implies hope along with expectation)

Note: "ждать" is more colloquial and focused on waiting, while "надеяться" carries an emotional tone of hope.

Antonyms for ожидать/предвидеть:

• игнорировать (to ignore)
• упускать (to miss or overlook)

Related Phrases:

• ожидать с нетерпением - "to anticipate eagerly" (used for excitement or impatience)
• предвидеть будущее - "to anticipate the future" (often in a visionary or predictive sense)
• предчувствовать опасность - "to anticipate danger" (intuitive sense of foreboding)

Usage Notes:

• "ожидать" is the most neutral and versatile translation for "anticipate," suitable for most everyday contexts involving expectation.
• "предвидеть" is more formal and intellectual, often used in written language or discussions of strategy and foresight.
• "предчувствовать" is emotionally charged and should be reserved for contexts involving intuition or premonitions.
• Be mindful of aspect: all three verbs are imperfective. For completed anticipation, perfective forms like "предвидеть → предвидеть" or "ожидать → дождаться" may be needed in specific contexts.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "ждать" instead of "ожидать" in formal contexts. Incorrect: "Я жду результатов экзамена" in a formal letter. Correct: "Я ожидаю результатов экзамена." Explanation: "ждать" is more casual, while "ожидать" fits formal or neutral tones better.
• Error: Confusing "предчувствовать" with "предвидеть" in analytical contexts. Incorrect: "Экономисты предчувствуют кризис." Correct: "Экономисты предвидят кризис." Explanation: "предчувствовать" implies emotion, not logical prediction.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the concept of "anticipation" can carry a nuanced emotional weight, especially with "предчувствовать." Russians often attribute strong intuitive or even superstitious connotations to premonitions, and this verb may appear in literature or folklore to describe a fateful sense of foreboding.

Related Concepts:

• надежда (hope)
• предсказание (prediction)
• ожидание (expectation/waiting)