Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Adverse'

English Word: adverse

Key Russian Translations:

• неблагоприятный [nʲɪbləɡəprʲɪˈjatnɨj] - [Formal, Commonly used in written and spoken contexts]
• враждебный [vrəʐˈdʲebnɨj] - [Formal/Informal, Often used to describe hostile attitudes]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for both translations

Pronunciation (Russian):

неблагоприятный: [nʲɪbləɡəprʲɪˈjatnɨj]

Note on неблагоприятный: Stress falls on the fourth syllable. The "при" combination can be tricky for non-native speakers.

враждебный: [vrəʐˈdʲebnɨj]

Note on враждебный: Stress is on the second syllable. Pay attention to the soft "д" sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Unfavorable or Harmful (e.g., conditions, effects)

Translation(s) & Context:

• неблагоприятный - Used for describing unfavorable conditions, circumstances, or outcomes (e.g., weather, economic situations).

Usage Examples:

• Неблагоприятные погодные условия задержали рейс.

  Adverse weather conditions delayed the flight.

• Это решение может иметь неблагоприятные последствия.

  This decision may have adverse consequences.

• Неблагоприятная экономическая ситуация повлияла на рынок.

  The adverse economic situation affected the market.

2. Hostile or Opposing (e.g., attitude, reaction)

Translation(s) & Context:

• враждебный - Used to describe opposition or hostility, often in interpersonal or political contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Он встретил меня с враждебным взглядом.

  He met me with an adverse (hostile) look.

• Враждебная реакция на предложение была неожиданной.

  The adverse reaction to the proposal was unexpected.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

неблагоприятный (Adjective):

Case	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	неблагоприятный	неблагоприятная	неблагоприятное	неблагоприятные
Genitive	неблагоприятного	неблагоприятной	неблагоприятного	неблагоприятных
Dative	неблагоприятному	неблагоприятной	неблагоприятному	неблагоприятным

Note: Declines as a standard adjective with a stem in "н".

враждебный (Adjective):

Case	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	враждебный	враждебная	враждебное	враждебные
Genitive	враждебного	враждебной	враждебного	враждебных
Dative	враждебному	враждебной	враждебному	враждебным

Note: Follows standard adjective declension patterns.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for неблагоприятный:

• негативный
• плохой

Note: "негативный" is often used in formal or abstract contexts, while "плохой" is more general and informal.

Synonyms for враждебный:

• агрессивный
• недружелюбный

Antonyms for неблагоприятный:

• благоприятный

Antonyms for враждебный:

• дружелюбный

Related Phrases:

• неблагоприятные условия - Unfavorable conditions
• неблагоприятный прогноз - Adverse forecast
• враждебное отношение - Hostile attitude
• враждебная среда - Hostile environment

Usage Notes:

• "неблагоприятный" is the more common translation for "adverse" when referring to conditions or effects. It is neutral in tone and widely used in both formal and informal contexts.
• "враждебный" specifically conveys hostility or opposition and should be used when "adverse" implies a negative attitude or conflict.
• Be mindful of the context, as the two translations are not interchangeable. For example, you wouldn't use "враждебный" to describe weather conditions.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "враждебный" for inanimate or neutral contexts like weather or outcomes.
  Incorrect: Враждебные погодные условия.
  Correct: Неблагоприятные погодные условия.
  Explanation: "враждебный" implies personal hostility, which does not apply to impersonal subjects like weather.
• Error: Misplacing stress in pronunciation, especially with "неблагоприятный".
  Explanation: Stressing the wrong syllable can make the word sound unnatural. Practice the correct stress on the fourth syllable.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian, describing something as "неблагоприятный" is often used in formal reports or discussions (e.g., news, economics). On the other hand, "враждебный" may carry a stronger emotional connotation, often tied to historical or political contexts, reflecting Russia's complex history of conflicts.

Related Concepts:

• опасный (dangerous)
• вредный (harmful)
• конфликтный (conflict-related)