Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'wound'

English Word: wound

Key Russian Translations:

• рана [ˈranə] - [Formal, Noun, Used in medical or everyday contexts]
• ранить [ˈranʲitʲ] - [Formal, Verb, Used to describe causing injury]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in medical, everyday, and literary contexts, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, per CEFR; requires understanding of basic noun and verb inflections; for "рана" as a noun, it's B1, while "ранить" as a verb may reach B2 due to conjugation patterns).

Pronunciation (Russian):

рана: [ˈranə]

ранить: [ˈranʲitʲ]

Note on рана: The stress is on the first syllable; be careful with the soft 'н' sound, which is a common challenge for English speakers. For ранить, the 'й' sound is palatalized, making it softer than in English.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

As a noun meaning an injury to the body

Translation(s) & Context:

• рана - Used in formal medical discussions or everyday descriptions of physical harm, such as in hospitals or accident reports.

Usage Examples:

• У него на руке глубокая рана от ножа.

  He has a deep wound on his hand from a knife.

• Врачи обработали рану антисептиком.

  The doctors treated the wound with antiseptic.

• После падения она заметила рану на колене.

  After the fall, she noticed a wound on her knee.

• Рана заживает медленно, но steadily.

  The wound is healing slowly but steadily.

• В военное время раны часто бывают серьезными.

  In wartime, wounds are often serious.

As a verb meaning to injure or harm

Translation(s) & Context:

• ранить - Used in contexts involving intentional or accidental injury, such as in stories, news, or medical reports; often implies physical pain.

Usage Examples:

• Охотник случайно ранил животное стрелой.

  The hunter accidentally wounded the animal with an arrow.

• В драке он ранил противника ножом.

  In the fight, he wounded his opponent with a knife.

• Пуля ранила солдата в плечо.

  The bullet wounded the soldier in the shoulder.

• Её слова ранили его гордость.

  Her words wounded his pride (metaphorical use, though less common).

• Доктор объяснил, как ранить minimally для операции.

  The doctor explained how to wound minimally for the surgery.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For "рана" (feminine noun, first declension):

This noun follows standard Russian feminine noun patterns with regular inflections. It changes based on case and number.

For "ранить" (verb, imperfective aspect):

This is a first-conjugation verb with regular patterns. It conjugates based on tense, person, and number. Example in present tense:

Note: It has a perfective counterpart "раненить," but "ранить" is more common for ongoing actions.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • травма (trauma) - Similar to рана but often implies more severe injury; used in broader contexts.
  • повреждение (damage) - Neutral term for any type of harm, less specific to wounds.
• Antonyms:
  • целостность (integrity) - Refers to wholeness or lack of injury.
  • заживление (healing) - The process opposite to wounding.

Related Phrases:

• Открытая рана - An open wound; used in first-aid contexts to describe exposed injuries.
• Ранить в сердце - To wound in the heart (metaphorically, meaning to emotionally hurt).
• Лечить рану - To treat a wound; a common phrase in medical scenarios.

Usage Notes:

"Wound" as "рана" directly corresponds to physical injuries in Russian, but always consider the context—use it for visible cuts or breaks in the skin. As a verb, "ранить" is more formal and implies an action, similar to "to injure," but it's imperfective, so it describes ongoing or repeated actions. In informal speech, synonyms like "повредить" might be preferred for everyday talk. Be mindful of gender agreement with "рана" (feminine), and choose between translations based on whether the English "wound" is nominal or verbal.

• In medical contexts, "рана" is standard.
• For emotional wounds, Russian often uses metaphors, but "ранить" can apply.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse "рана" with "травма," using them interchangeably, but "рана" specifically means a wound, while "травма" can mean broader trauma. Error example: Saying "У меня травма на руке" when meaning a cut (should be "рана"). Correct: "У меня рана на руке." Another error is incorrect verb conjugation, like saying "Я ранют" instead of "Я раню" for "I wound." Always conjugate based on person and ensure aspect matches the context.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, wounds (раны) are often symbolized in literature and folklore, such as in war stories or fairy tales, representing resilience or sacrifice. For instance, in Soviet-era narratives, physical wounds from battle are portrayed as badges of honor, reflecting historical emphasis on endurance during conflicts like World War II.

Related Concepts:

• травма
• болезнь
• заживление