Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'winding'

English Word: winding

Key Russian Translations:

• извилистый [/ɪzˈvʲilʲɪstɨj/] - [Formal; Adjective]
• обмотка [/ɐbˈmotkə/] - [Informal; Noun, often in technical contexts]
• навивка [/nɐˈvʲifkə/] - [Formal; Noun, specific to winding in engineering or mechanics]

Frequency: Medium (Common in descriptive language, especially in literature, geography, and technical fields, but not everyday casual speech)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; Requires basic understanding of Russian adjectives and nouns, but "извилистый" follows regular patterns, while nouns like "обмотка" may need context for mastery)

Pronunciation (Russian):

извилистый: /ɪzˈvʲilʲɪstɨj/ (Note: The stress is on the second syllable; pay attention to the palatalized 'л' sound, which is a common challenge for English speakers.)

обмотка: /ɐbˈmotkə/ (Note on обмотка: The 'о' in the first syllable is reduced in fast speech, sounding like a schwa.)

навивка: /nɐˈvʲifkə/ (Note on навивка: The 'в' is pronounced with slight voicing; this word is often used in precise technical pronunciation.)

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: As an adjective, referring to something that twists or turns, like a path or road (e.g., winding road).

Translation(s) & Context:

• извилистый - Used in descriptive contexts, such as geography or literature, to describe natural or man-made features that curve repeatedly.

Usage Examples:

• Эта река извилистая и течет через густой лес.

  This river is winding and flows through a dense forest.

• Извилистая тропа в горах требует осторожности от туристов.

  The winding trail in the mountains requires caution from tourists.

• В старом городе есть извилистые улочки, полные исторических зданий.

  In the old city, there are winding streets full of historic buildings.

• Извилистый дизайн реки делает ее привлекательной для фотографов.

  The winding design of the river makes it attractive for photographers.

• Автомобиль медленно ехал по извилистой дороге, наслаждаясь видами.

  The car slowly drove along the winding road, enjoying the views.

Meaning 2: As a noun, referring to the act of winding or a coiled structure, often in mechanical or electrical contexts (e.g., winding of a wire).

Translation(s) & Context:

• обмотка - Common in technical or engineering discussions, such as in electronics or machinery.
• навивка - Used specifically for coils or windings in devices like transformers.

Usage Examples:

• Обмотка провода в трансформаторе должна быть тщательно выполнена.

  The winding of the wire in the transformer must be done carefully.

• Инженер проверил навивку катушки, чтобы убедиться в ее стабильности.

  The engineer checked the winding of the coil to ensure its stability.

• В этом устройстве обмотка выполнена из медной проволоки.

  In this device, the winding is made from copper wire.

• Навивка мотора была повреждена, что вызвало неисправность.

  The winding of the motor was damaged, causing a malfunction.

• Для правильной обмотки требуется специальное оборудование.

  Proper winding requires specialized equipment.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For "извилистый" (adjective), it follows the standard Russian adjective declension patterns. It is an adjective of the first declension group and agrees with the noun in gender, number, and case.

For "обмотка" and "навивка" (nouns, feminine), they are first-declension nouns and follow regular patterns without irregularities.

These words do not have irregular forms, making them straightforward for learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • извилистый: кривой (kriwoy) - More general for curved; used in casual contexts.
  • обмотка: намотка (namotka) - Similar in technical use, but implies a looser winding.
• Antonyms:
  • извилистый: прямой (pryamoy) - Straight, direct path.
  • обмотка: размотка (razmotka) - Unwinding or unraveling.

Related Phrases:

• Извилистая дорога - A winding road; used to describe scenic or challenging routes.
• Обмотка проволоки - Winding of wire; common in electrical engineering contexts.
• Навивка катушки - Coil winding; refers to the process in manufacturing.

Usage Notes:

"Winding" as an adjective like "извилистый" directly corresponds to English in descriptive contexts but is more commonly used in formal or literary Russian. Choose "обмотка" or "навивка" based on technical specificity; "обмотка" is broader for general winding, while "навивка" is for precise coils. Be mindful of case agreement in sentences, as Russian adjectives must match the noun they describe. In informal speech, synonyms like "кривой" might be preferred for simplicity.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "извилистый" without proper declension, e.g., saying "извилистый река" instead of "извилистая река".
  Correct: Ensure gender agreement; explanation: Russian adjectives change endings based on the noun's gender (feminine here).
• Mistake: Confusing "обмотка" with "намотка" in technical contexts.
  Correct: Use "обмотка" for tight windings; "намотка" for looser ones; explanation: This can lead to misunderstandings in professional settings.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "извилистый" often evoke imagery of Russia's vast, winding rivers (e.g., the Volga), symbolizing the country's expansive and unpredictable landscape. This can carry poetic connotations in literature, such as in works by Pushkin, where winding paths represent life's twists and turns.

Related Concepts:

• кривой (curved)
• спиральный (spiral)
• трансформатор (transformer, related to technical windings)