Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'vomit'

English Word: vomit

Key Russian Translations:

• рвота [rˈvɔtə] - [Noun, Formal, Medical contexts]
• рвать [rˈvatʲ] - [Verb, Informal, Used in everyday or health-related descriptions]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical, health, or casual conversations, but not in everyday non-health topics)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, as it involves basic verb conjugations and noun declensions; for 'рвать' as a verb, it may reach B2 due to irregular aspects)

Pronunciation (Russian):

рвота: [rˈvɔtə]

Note on рвота: The initial 'р' is a trilled sound, and the 'в' is pronounced as a voiced labiodental fricative; common in formal speech, with stress on the first syllable.

рвать: [rˈvatʲ]

Note on рвать: This is a verb with a palatalized 'тʲ' sound, which can be tricky for beginners; the 'р' is rolled, and it's often used in imperfective aspects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The act of vomiting (as a verb)

Translation(s) & Context:

• рвать - Used in contexts describing the physical action, such as in medical emergencies or casual health discussions (e.g., feeling ill).

Usage Examples:

• Он часто рвёт после еды, если у него пищевое отравление.

  He often vomits after eating if he has food poisoning.

• Дети могут рвать во время морской болезни.

  Children may vomit during seasickness.

• Если вы рвете, немедленно обратитесь к врачу.

  If you are vomiting, see a doctor immediately.

• Она рвёт из-за стресса, но это проходит быстро.

  She vomits due to stress, but it passes quickly.

The substance vomited (as a noun)

Translation(s) & Context:

• рвота - Refers to the material expelled, often in formal or medical descriptions (e.g., in clinical reports).

Usage Examples:

• В рвоте могут быть следы крови, что указывает на серьёзную проблему.

  Vomit may contain traces of blood, indicating a serious issue.

• После рвоты пациенту нужно много пить, чтобы восстановить силы.

  After vomiting, the patient needs to drink a lot to regain strength.

• Рвота на улице — это распространённая проблема в жару.

  Vomit on the street is a common problem in hot weather.

• Лечащий врач анализирует рвоту для диагностики.

  The doctor analyzes the vomit for diagnosis.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'рвота' (noun, feminine): It follows standard first-declension patterns with no irregularities. Here's a table of its inflections:

For 'рвать' (verb, imperfective): It is an irregular verb with aspectual pairs. Present tense conjugations:

Past tense: рвал (m.), рвала (f.), рвало (n.), рвали (pl.). Perfective aspect is 'вырвать'.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • тошнота (tosnota) - More focused on nausea, often used interchangeably in casual contexts.
  • блювота (blyuvota) - A less common synonym, slightly more formal or regional.
• Antonyms:
  • аппетит (appetit) - Refers to appetite or hunger, contrasting with the act of vomiting.

Related Phrases:

• Рвотный рефлекс (rvotnyy refleks) - Gag reflex; a natural body response to prevent poisoning.
• Приступ рвоты (priступ rvoty) - Episode of vomiting; used in medical descriptions of sudden illness.
• Вызвать рвоту (vyzvat' rvotu) - To induce vomiting; often in first-aid contexts, e.g., for poisoning.

Usage Notes:

'Рвота' directly corresponds to 'vomit' as a noun and is neutral in tone, while 'рвать' as a verb aligns with the action of vomiting. Use 'рвота' in formal or medical writing, and 'рвать' in spoken language. Be cautious with context: in Russian, these words are more straightforward and less euphemistic than in English. For verb choices, opt for 'рвать' in imperfective aspects for ongoing actions and 'вырвать' for completed ones. Learners should note that Russian verbs often require aspect agreement, which might not directly map to English usage.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'рвота' (noun) with 'рвать' (verb): English learners might use 'рвота' as a verb, e.g., saying "Я рвота" instead of "Я рву". Correct: "Я рву" (I am vomiting). Explanation: 'Рвота' is only a noun, so always pair it with verbs like 'иметь' or 'вызывать' for actions.
• Improper conjugation: Saying "Он рветь" instead of "Он рвет". Correct: "Он рвет" (He vomits). Explanation: The verb 'рвать' has specific endings; practice present tense forms to avoid this.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, discussions about vomiting or illness are often direct and matter-of-fact, especially in medical contexts, reflecting a pragmatic approach to health. However, in polite conversation, euphemisms like 'нездоровится' (feeling unwell) might be used to avoid graphic details, similar to English practices.

Related Concepts:

• тошнота
• боль в животе
• медицинская помощь