Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'vindication'

English Word: vindication

Key Russian Translations:

• Оправдание [ɐ.prəf'da.nʲɪ.jə] - [Formal, Legal contexts]
• Подтверждение [pəd.tvɨrʲɪ'denʲɪ.jə] - [Formal, General proof or validation]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal, philosophical, and everyday discussions, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of abstract concepts and noun inflections, with 'Оправдание' being slightly more challenging due to its legal connotations)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Оправдание: [ɐ.prəf'da.nʲɪ.jə]

Подтверждение: [pəd.tvɨrʲɪ'denʲɪ.jə]

Note on Оправдание: The stress falls on the second syllable ('da'), and the 'f' sound can be softened in fast speech, which is common in Russian phonetics.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The act of proving oneself right, innocent, or justified, often in a legal or moral sense

Translation(s) & Context:

• Оправдание - Used in formal contexts like court proceedings or personal vindication in arguments.
• Подтверждение - Applied in broader contexts for validation of facts or claims.

Usage Examples:

• Суд предоставил оправдание обвиняемому на основе новых доказательств.

  The court provided vindication for the accused based on new evidence.

• Её оправдание в глазах общественности пришло после публикации статьи.

  Her vindication in the eyes of the public came after the article was published.

• Подтверждение его идей было найдено в исторических документах.

  Vindication of his ideas was found in historical documents.

• В научных дебатах оправдание гипотезы требует строгих экспериментов.

  In scientific debates, vindication of a hypothesis requires rigorous experiments.

• Подтверждение правоты часто приходит с опозданием, но оно неизбежно.

  Vindication often comes late, but it is inevitable.

Meaning 2: Clearance from blame or suspicion

Translation(s) & Context:

• Оправдание - Specifically in legal or ethical scenarios where innocence is proven.

Usage Examples:

• Его оправдание в деле о коррупции стало поворотным моментом в карьере.

  His vindication in the corruption case became a turning point in his career.

• Оправдание невиновного — это основа справедливого общества.

  Vindication of the innocent is the foundation of a just society.

• Подтверждение отсутствия вины было подтверждено экспертизой.

  Vindication of his innocence was confirmed by the expert analysis.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are nouns. 'Оправдание' is a neuter noun in the second declension, which follows regular patterns. 'Подтверждение' is also neuter and follows similar inflection rules.

Note: These forms are regular and follow standard Russian noun declension rules. No irregularities are present.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Подтверждение (similar to vindication in proving truth, but more neutral)
  • Реабилитация (rehabilitation, often used in contexts of restoring reputation)
• Antonyms:
  • Обвинение (accusation)
  • Осуждение (condemnation)

Related Phrases:

• Юридическое оправдание - Legal vindication; used in court settings to mean official clearance from charges.
• Моральное оправдание - Moral vindication; refers to ethical justification in personal or societal contexts.
• Полное подтверждение - Full vindication; implies comprehensive proof of correctness.

Usage Notes:

'Оправдание' directly corresponds to the legal or moral sense of 'vindication' in English, making it the preferred translation in formal contexts. Use 'Подтверждение' for more general validation, such as in scientific or everyday scenarios. Be mindful of Russian's case system; for example, 'Оправдание' must agree in case with its modifiers. In informal speech, Russians might opt for simpler phrases, but these words are typically formal. When choosing between translations, select based on context: legal for 'Оправдание' and factual for 'Подтверждение'.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'Оправдание' with 'Обвинение': Learners might misuse 'Оправдание' to mean 'accusation' due to similar sounds. Correct usage: "Оправдание" means clearing blame, not assigning it. Example of error: *Я получил оправдание* (meaning "I was accused") – Incorrect; correct is "Я получил обвинение" for accusation.
• Improper inflection: Forgetting to change cases, e.g., saying "в оправдание" instead of "в оправдании" in prepositional case. Error: *Я думаю о оправдание* – Correct: "Я думаю об оправдании" (I am thinking about vindication).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'Оправдание' often carries a strong connotation of justice in the legal system, influenced by historical events like Soviet-era trials. It symbolizes redemption and truth, as seen in literature like Dostoevsky's works, where personal vindication themes are prevalent, reflecting Russia's emphasis on moral integrity and societal fairness.

Related Concepts:

• Суд
• Доказательство
• Реабилитация