Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'veridical'

English Word: veridical

Key Russian Translations:

• верный /ˈvʲɛrnɨj/ - [Formal, used in philosophical or scientific contexts]
• истинный /ɪsˈtʲin.nɨj/ - [Formal, often in abstract or metaphysical discussions]

Frequency: Low (This term is specialized and not commonly used in everyday Russian conversation; it's more prevalent in academic or philosophical texts.)

Difficulty: Advanced (C1 level or higher, as it involves nuanced vocabulary from philosophy or psychology; for "верный", it's C1; for "истинный", it's also C1 due to its abstract nature.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

верный: /ˈvʲɛrnɨj/

Note on верный: The stress is on the first syllable; the palatalized 'вʲ' can be challenging for English speakers, sounding like a soft 'v'.

истинный: /ɪsˈtʲin.nɨj/

Note on истинный: The 'тʲ' is palatalized, which may require practice; it often sounds softer than in English equivalents.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

True or accurate representation (e.g., in philosophy, referring to something that corresponds to reality)

Translation(s) & Context:

• верный - Used in contexts where accuracy and truthfulness are emphasized, such as in scientific observations or reliable memories.
• истинный - Applied in more abstract settings, like metaphysical truths or genuine experiences, often in literature or philosophy.

Usage Examples:

• Веридическая информация в отчёте подтвердила все факты. (Veridical information in the report confirmed all the facts.)

  This example shows "верный" in a formal context, highlighting accuracy in documentation.

• Его воспоминания оказались истинными, несмотря на сомнения. (His memories turned out to be veridical, despite the doubts.)

  Here, "истинный" is used to describe genuine recollections in a psychological discussion.

• В философии веридическое знание должно соответствовать реальности. (In philosophy, veridical knowledge must correspond to reality.)

  This demonstrates "верный" in an academic setting, emphasizing truth alignment.

• Истинный опыт часто отличается от иллюзорного. (A veridical experience often differs from an illusory one.)

  This usage of "истинный" illustrates contrast in perceptual contexts.

• Исследования показали, что веридические сны редки. (Studies showed that veridical dreams are rare.)

  An example combining both translations implicitly, focusing on rarity in psychological phenomena.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "верный" and "истинный" are adjectives in Russian, which means they inflect based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow a standard pattern of agreement with nouns. "Верный" is a regular adjective, while "истинный" also follows regular rules but can vary slightly in poetic or archaic usage.

Note: These adjectives do not change for verb conjugation as they are not verbs. For irregular forms in certain dialects, consult advanced grammar resources.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • точный (tochnyy) - More precise, often used in technical contexts; differs from верный by emphasizing exactness over truthfulness.
  • подлинный (podlinnyy) - Authentic, suitable for historical or original items.
• Antonyms:
  • ложный (lozhnyy) - False or deceptive.
  • иллюзорный (illyuzornyy) - Illusory, implying something not real.

Related Phrases:

• верный друг - A true friend; used to describe reliable relationships in everyday conversation.
• истинная правда - The real truth; a common phrase in storytelling or debates to emphasize authenticity.
• верный путь - The right path; often in motivational or philosophical contexts, meaning a correct course of action.

Usage Notes:

When translating "veridical" to Russian, choose "верный" for contexts involving factual accuracy, such as in psychology or science, as it directly conveys correspondence to reality. Use "истинный" for more abstract or philosophical meanings, like in discussions of truth versus illusion. Be mindful of formal register; both words are typically used in written or academic Russian rather than casual speech. Grammatically, ensure adjectives agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number, and case. For English learners, "верный" might be confused with "вероятный" (probable), so clarify based on context.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "верный" interchangeably with "вероятный" (probable), e.g., saying "верный исход" to mean a likely outcome instead of a true one. Correct: Use "верный" only for accuracy, as in "верный факт" (veridical fact). Explanation: This error stems from partial similarities in meaning, but "вероятный" implies probability, not truth.
• Mistake: Failing to inflect the adjective, e.g., using "верный" with a feminine noun without changing to "верная". Correct: Adjust to match, like "верная информация". Explanation: Russian requires adjective-noun agreement, which English learners often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and philosophy, words like "верный" and "истинный" often tie into broader themes of truth and authenticity, influenced by thinkers like Tolstoy or Soviet-era psychology. For instance, "истинный" might evoke ideas from Russian literature where personal truth is valued over societal illusions, helping users appreciate the cultural emphasis on sincerity in interpersonal and intellectual pursuits.

Related Concepts:

• истина (istina) - Truth
• реальность (realnost') - Reality
• иллюзия (illyuziya) - Illusion