Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'variability'

English Word: variability

Key Russian Translations:

• вариабельность [vərɪəˈbɛlnəstʲ] - [Formal, Scientific contexts]
• изменчивость [ɪzmʲɪnʲʲt͡ɕɪˈvosʲtʲ] - [Formal, General contexts, especially in biology or weather]

Frequency: Medium (Common in academic, scientific, and technical Russian, but less frequent in everyday conversation).

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of abstract concepts and nominal forms; for 'вариабельность', it may be more challenging due to its specialized usage, while 'изменчивость' is slightly easier in broader contexts).

Pronunciation (Russian):

вариабельность: [vərɪəˈbɛlnəstʲ]

изменчивость: [ɪzmʲɪnʲʲt͡ɕɪˈvosʲtʲ]

Note on вариабельность: The stress falls on the third syllable ('бел-'), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft 'л' sound; practice with native audio for accuracy.

Note on изменчивость: The 'ч' is a voiceless palatal fricative, similar to 'ch' in 'loch'; be mindful of the soft sign 'ь' affecting pronunciation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. The quality or state of being variable, changeable, or subject to variation (e.g., in data, behavior, or conditions).

Translation(s) & Context:

• вариабельность - Used in formal, scientific, or statistical contexts, such as in mathematics or research studies.
• изменчивость - Applied in more general contexts, like describing weather patterns or biological traits, with a broader everyday applicability.

Usage Examples:

• Исследование показало высокую вариабельность в результатах эксперимента.

  The study showed high variability in the experiment's results. (This example demonstrates the word in a scientific context, emphasizing data fluctuations.)

• В климатологии часто обсуждают изменчивость погодных условий.

  In climatology, the variability of weather conditions is often discussed. (Here, it illustrates usage in environmental science, showing how the word adapts to natural phenomena.)

• Экономисты анализируют вариабельность рыночных цен для прогнозирования.

  Economists analyze the variability of market prices for forecasting. (This sentence highlights the word in an economic context, paired with quantitative analysis.)

• Изменчивость человеческого поведения делает предсказания сложными.

  The variability of human behavior makes predictions challenging. (This example shows the word in a psychological or social context, emphasizing unpredictability.)

• В моделировании данных вариабельность факторов учитывается для точности.

  In data modeling, the variability of factors is considered for accuracy. (This demonstrates advanced usage in technology or AI, integrating with other technical terms.)

2. In a broader sense, the extent to which something deviates from a norm or standard.

Translation(s) & Context:

• изменчивость - Particularly useful in informal or descriptive narratives, such as in literature or casual explanations.

Usage Examples:

• Эта изменчивость настроений характерна для подросткового возраста.

  This variability of moods is characteristic of teenage years. (This example places the word in a psychological context, focusing on emotional changes.)

• Вариабельность температуры в регионе влияет на сельское хозяйство.

  The variability of temperature in the region affects agriculture. (Illustrates environmental impact, showing integration with real-world applications.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'вариабельность' and 'изменчивость' are abstract feminine nouns in Russian, derived from adjectives. They follow standard nominal inflection patterns for first-declension nouns but are often used in their base form due to their abstract nature.

Note: These nouns do not change in plural forms as they are uncountable abstracts. For 'изменчивость', the inflection is regular, making it straightforward for learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • нестабильность (instability; more emphasis on lack of steadiness)
  • флуктуация (fluctuation; used in scientific contexts with slight mathematical connotation)
• Antonyms:
  • стабильность (stability; implies consistency and lack of change)
  • постоянство (constancy; suggests enduring sameness)

Related Phrases:

• высокая вариабельность - High variability; used to describe significant changes in data or conditions.
• изменчивость погоды - Weather variability; a common phrase in meteorological discussions.
• анализ вариабельности - Analysis of variability; typical in statistical reports.

Usage Notes:

Choose 'вариабельность' for precise, technical contexts where variability relates to measurable data, as it directly mirrors English scientific terminology. 'Изменчивость' is more versatile and can be used in everyday Russian for describing general unpredictability. Be aware of the formal register; both words are typically avoided in casual speech. Grammatically, they function as feminine nouns and require agreement in gender, number, and case with accompanying adjectives or verbs.

• In sentences, pair with verbs like 'проявлять' (to exhibit) for dynamic usage.
• When translating from English, consider the context: 'variability' in statistics aligns with 'вариабельность', while in casual talk, 'изменчивость' might be more natural.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'вариабельность' with 'вариация' (variation), which is more about specific instances of change rather than the quality. Error: Using 'вариация' in a statistical summary. Correct: 'В исследовании обсуждалась вариабельность данных' instead of 'вариация данных'.
• Overlooking case agreement; for example, incorrectly saying 'высокий вариабельность' (wrong gender agreement). Correct: 'высокая вариабельность' (feminine form).
• Mispronouncing the stress in 'изменчивость', leading to comprehension issues. Error: Stressing the first syllable. Explanation: Always stress the third syllable for clarity in spoken Russian.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian scientific and educational contexts, terms like 'вариабельность' reflect the influence of Western methodologies, especially in fields like psychology and economics introduced during the Soviet era. It underscores Russia's emphasis on empirical research, but in everyday life, such words might carry a connotation of intellectual or academic discourse rather than practical application.

Related Concepts:

• статистика (statistics)
• флуктуация (fluctuation)
• динамика (dynamics)