Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'upset'

English Word: upset

Key Russian Translations:

• расстроенный [rɐsˈtroɪnɨj] - [Adjective, Informal, Plural if modified]
• раздраженный [rɐzdrɐˈʐɛnnɨj] - [Adjective, Formal]
• расстроить [rɐsˈtroɪtʲ] - [Verb, Informal]
• расстройство [rɐsˈtrojstvə] - [Noun, Neutral, Used for physical or emotional disorder]

Frequency: Medium (Common in everyday conversations and literature, but varies by context)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate level; requires understanding of adjectives and verbs, with раздраженный potentially at B2 due to formal nuances)

Pronunciation (Russian):

расстроенный: [rɐsˈtroɪnɨj]

раздраженный: [rɐzdrɐˈʐɛnnɨj]

расстроить: [rɐsˈtroɪtʲ] (Note the soft 'т' sound, which can be tricky for learners)

расстройство: [rɐsˈtrojstvə]

Note on расстроенный: The stress falls on the second syllable; be careful with vowel reduction in casual speech, where unstressed vowels may sound more centralized.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: As an adjective (emotionally disturbed or unhappy)

Translation(s) & Context:

• расстроенный - Used in informal contexts to describe someone feeling disappointed or emotionally upset, e.g., after bad news.
• раздраженный - Used in formal or professional settings to indicate irritation or annoyance, often with a stronger connotation of anger.

Usage Examples:

• Он был расстроенный после неудачного собеседования.

  He was upset after the unsuccessful job interview.

• Моя мама всегда становится раздраженной, когда мы опаздываем.

  My mom always gets upset (irritated) when we are late.

• Дети были расстроенные, потому что их игру отменили из-за дождя.

  The children were upset because their game was canceled due to the rain.

• В офисе он старался скрывать, что был раздраженный начальником.

  At the office, he tried to hide that he was upset (irritated) with the boss.

Meaning 2: As a verb (to disturb emotionally or physically)

Translation(s) & Context:

• расстроить - Informal verb for causing emotional upset or disrupting plans, common in daily conversations.

Usage Examples:

• Его слова расстроили меня на весь день.

  His words upset me for the whole day.

• Дождь расстроил наши планы на пикник.

  The rain upset our plans for the picnic.

• Она не хотела расстроить друзей, но пришлось сказать правду.

  She didn't want to upset her friends, but she had to tell the truth.

• Этот инцидент расстроил всю семью.

  This incident upset the whole family.

Meaning 3: As a noun (e.g., stomach upset)

Translation(s) & Context:

• расстройство - Neutral noun for physical disorders like digestive issues, or emotional disturbances in medical contexts.

Usage Examples:

• У него было желудочное расстройство после еды.

  He had a stomach upset after the meal.

• Эмоциональное расстройство может привести к стрессу.

  Emotional upset can lead to stress.

• Доктор прописал лекарство от расстройства пищеварения.

  The doctor prescribed medicine for the digestive upset.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For adjectives like расстроенный and раздраженный, these follow standard Russian adjective declension patterns, changing based on gender, number, and case. They are irregular in some forms due to stress shifts.

Form	расстроенный (Masc.)	раздраженный (Masc.)
Nominative Singular	расстроенный	раздраженный
Genitive Singular	расстроенного	раздраженного
Plural	расстроенные	раздраженные

For the verb расстроить, it is a perfective verb and conjugates as follows in present tense (though it's often used in past tense):

Person	Present Tense (Imperfective: расстраивать)
I	расстраиваю
You (informal)	расстраиваешь
He/She	расстраивает

The noun расстройство is neuter and does not change in most cases but follows standard neuter noun patterns (e.g., Genitive: расстройства).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: огорченный (similar to расстроенный, but with a milder emotional tone), взволнованный (agitated, for more dynamic upset)
• Antonyms: счастливый (happy), спокойный (calm; often used for emotional stability)

Related Phrases:

• Быть расстроенным - To be upset; often used in emotional contexts to describe temporary distress.
• Вызвать расстройство - To cause an upset; commonly in medical or emotional scenarios.
• Раздражённый тон - An upset tone; refers to irritated speech in conversations.

Usage Notes:

Расстроенный is the most direct translation for everyday emotional upset and is preferred in informal settings, while раздраженный implies a more intense, formal irritation. Choose расстроить as a verb when the action causes disruption. Be mindful of gender agreement in adjectives (e.g., расстроенная for feminine nouns). In Russian, emotional expressions like these often require context to distinguish from physical meanings, unlike in English where "upset" can be more ambiguous.

• Always consider the aspect in verbs: Use расстроить for completed actions.
• In formal writing, opt for раздраженный to convey professionalism.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse the adjective forms with verbs, e.g., using расстроенный as a verb instead of расстроить. Incorrect: "Я расстроенный вчера" (wrong verb form). Correct: "Я расстроился вчера" (I got upset yesterday). Another error is improper case agreement, such as saying "расстроенный друг" in the wrong case when it's part of a prepositional phrase. Explanation: Russian requires adjectives to match the noun's case, so always check for declension to avoid grammatical errors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, expressing being "upset" like расстроенный is often tied to collectivism, where personal emotions are discussed in relation to family or social harmony. Historically, during Soviet times, suppressing such feelings was common, leading to idioms like "не расстраиваться" (don't get upset), emphasizing resilience in the face of adversity.

Related Concepts:

• грусть (sadness)
• раздражение (irritation)
• эмоциональный (emotional)