Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'undernutrition'

English Word: undernutrition

Key Russian Translations:

• недоедание /nʲɪdɐˈjɛdənʲɪjə/ - [Formal, Medical context]
• недостаточное питание /nʲɪdɐˈstaːtət͡ɕnəʊjə pʲɪˈtanʲɪjə/ - [Formal, General nutritional discussions]

Frequency: Medium (Common in health, medical, and nutritional literature, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian nominal declensions and medical terminology. For 'недоедание', it's B2; for 'недостаточное питание', it's also B2 due to compound structure)

Pronunciation (Russian):

недоедание: /nʲɪdɐˈjɛdənʲɪjə/ (Stress on the third syllable; the 'й' sound is a soft palatal approximant, which may be challenging for English speakers)

недостаточное питание: /nʲɪdɐˈstaːtət͡ɕnəʊjə pʲɪˈtanʲɪjə/ (Note on недостаточное питание: The word 'недостаточное' has a soft 'т' in some dialects, and 'питание' stresses the second syllable; practice the rolling 'р' if present in variations)

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The state of not receiving enough nutrients to maintain health, often linked to malnutrition or dietary deficiencies.

Translation(s) & Context:

• недоедание - Used in formal medical or scientific contexts, such as discussing global health issues or child development.
• недостаточное питание - Applied in broader nutritional advice, like dietary guidelines or public health campaigns.

Usage Examples:

• В развивающихся странах недоедание приводит к задержке роста у детей.

  In developing countries, undernutrition leads to growth delays in children.

• Из-за недоедания пациенту пришлось пройти курс витаминотерапии.

  Due to undernutrition, the patient had to undergo a course of vitamin therapy.

• Недостаточное питание в рационе может вызвать хронические заболевания.

  Insufficient nutrition in the diet can cause chronic diseases.

• Во время войны недоедание стало повседневной реальностью для многих семей.

  During the war, undernutrition became an everyday reality for many families.

• Специалисты рекомендуют сбалансированное питание, чтобы избежать недоедания.

  Experts recommend a balanced diet to avoid undernutrition.

A severe form of dietary imbalance, often resulting from poverty or famine.

Translation(s) & Context:

• недоедание - Common in emergency aid contexts, emphasizing acute health risks.

Usage Examples:

• Глобальные организации борются с недоеданием в регионах с нестабильным климатом.

  Global organizations are fighting undernutrition in regions with unstable climates.

• Недоедание у пожилых людей часто связано с социальными факторами.

  Undernutrition in the elderly is often linked to social factors.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'недоедание' is a neuter noun (ср. род) and follows the standard third declension pattern for Russian nouns. It is inflected based on case and number. 'недостаточное питание' is a noun phrase where 'недостаточное' is an adjective agreeing with 'питание' (neuter noun).

For 'недостаточное питание', the adjective 'недостаточное' changes: e.g., Genitive: недостаточного питания. It is invariant in gender but changes by case.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • недостаток питания (More literal, emphasizing lack)
  • мальнутриция (Direct borrowing from English, used in professional contexts; slight nuance: more clinical)
• Antonyms:
  • полноценное питание (Well-balanced nutrition)
  • избыточное питание (Overnutrition, leading to obesity)

Related Phrases:

• хроническое недоедание - Chronic undernutrition; refers to long-term nutritional deficiencies.
• профилактика недоедания - Prevention of undernutrition; used in health education contexts.
• недоедание в детстве - Undernutrition in childhood; highlights developmental impacts.

Usage Notes:

Use 'недоедание' for precise medical or scientific discussions, as it directly corresponds to 'undernutrition' in English. It is formal and avoids casual language. 'недостаточное питание' is more versatile for general advice but may imply a broader dietary issue. Be mindful of context: in Russian, these terms often appear in singular form and require proper declension. When choosing between translations, opt for 'недоедание' in health reports and 'недостаточное питание' in everyday nutritional tips.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing 'недоедание' with 'голод' (hunger). Incorrect: "Голод вызывает недоедание в городах." (This implies starvation rather than chronic nutritional lack.) Correct: "Недоедание распространено в регионах с бедностью." Explanation: 'Голод' refers to immediate starvation, while 'недоедание' is about insufficient nutrients over time.

• Error: Incorrect declension, e.g., using nominative in all cases. Incorrect: "Из-за недоедания (genitive should be недоедания)." Correct: "Из-за недоедания." Explanation: Always adjust for case to maintain grammatical accuracy in Russian sentences.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and history, terms like 'недоедание' are often associated with wartime experiences, such as during World War II or the post-Soviet economic crises, where food shortages were prevalent. This adds a layer of sensitivity, as discussions may evoke national hardships, emphasizing the importance of global aid in modern contexts.

Related Concepts:

• ожирение (obesity)
• мальнутриция (malnutrition, broader term)
• витаминный дефицит (vitamin deficiency)