Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'tumid'

English Word: tumid

Key Russian Translations:

• опухший [ɐˈpukʂɨj] - [Formal, Medical contexts]
• набухший [nɐˈbuxʂɨj] - [Informal, Descriptive or everyday language]
• вздутый [vzˈdutɨj] - [Formal, Technical or literary usage]

Frequency: Low (This word and its translations are not commonly used in everyday conversation but may appear in medical, scientific, or literary texts.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian adjectives and their inflections. For "опухший", it's B1; for "набухший", it's B2 due to subtle contextual nuances.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

опухший: [ɐˈpukʂɨj] (The stress is on the second syllable; note the soft 'ш' sound, similar to the 'sh' in "shesh".)

набухший: [nɐˈbuxʂɨj] (Emphasize the 'бух' with a strong 'kh' sound; common in spoken Russian.)

вздутый: [vzˈdutɨj] (The 'з' is a voiced 'z' sound; pronunciation can vary slightly in fast speech.)

Note on опухший: Be cautious with the 'ш' sound, as it's a common point of difficulty for English speakers; it should not be confused with the English 'sh'. Variations may occur in dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Swollen or distended (e.g., in a physical or medical sense)

Translation(s) & Context:

• опухший - Used in formal medical descriptions, such as for injuries or inflammation, in professional or written contexts.
• набухший - Applied in everyday informal situations, like describing swelling in nature or daily life.

Usage Examples:

• После ушиба его палец опухший и болезненный.

  After the bruise, his finger is tumid and painful. (This shows the adjective in a medical context, describing a physical state.)

• В жару кожа на руках может стать набухшей от отёка.

  In the heat, the skin on the hands can become tumid from swelling. (Illustrates informal usage in everyday scenarios.)

• Опухший шарик в реке указывал на загрязнение.

  The tumid ball in the river indicated pollution. (Demonstrates metaphorical use in environmental contexts.)

• Её лицо было набухшим после долгого плавания.

  Her face was tumid after a long swim. (Shows variation in grammatical structure with adjectives.)

Meaning 2: Figuratively swollen or pompous (e.g., in literary contexts, meaning inflated or overly elaborate)

Translation(s) & Context:

• вздутый - Used in formal or literary settings to describe something exaggerated, like prose or speech.

Usage Examples:

• Его речь была вздутой и полна ненужных слов.

  His speech was tumid and full of unnecessary words. (This example highlights figurative use in rhetorical contexts.)

• Вздутая поэзия XIX века часто критикуется за излишнюю помпезность.

  Tumid poetry from the 19th century is often criticized for its excessive pompousness. (Shows historical or literary application.)

• Книга имела вздутую структуру, с повторяющимися идеями.

  The book had a tumid structure, with repeating ideas. (Illustrates use in critiques or analyses.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

All key translations ("опухший", "набухший", "вздутый") are adjectives, which follow standard Russian adjective inflection patterns. Russian adjectives agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify. They have short and long forms, but these are regular for most adjectives.

Note: These adjectives are regular and do not have irregular inflections, making them straightforward for learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • отёчный (otyochnyy) - Similar to "набухший" but more specific to fluid retention.
  • раздувшийся (razduvshiy) - Often used interchangeably with "вздутый" in literary contexts, implying expansion.
• Antonyms:
  • спавшийся (spavshiy) - Indicates deflated or reduced state.
  • сжатый (szhatyy) - Means compressed or tightened.

Related Phrases:

• Опухший от ушиба - Swollen from a bruise (Used in medical first-aid contexts; refers to physical injury.)
• Набухшая река - Swollen river (Common in weather or environmental discussions; implies flooding.)
• Вздутый стиль письма - Tumid writing style (Refers to overly elaborate prose in literary criticism.)

Usage Notes:

"Tumid" corresponds most closely to adjectives like "опухший" in medical or physical descriptions, but English speakers should note that Russian adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with their nouns, which "tumid" does not require. For informal contexts, prefer "набухший" over "опухший" to sound more natural. In figurative uses, "вздутый" is ideal for literary or rhetorical scenarios. Always consider the context: medical texts favor formal terms, while everyday speech uses simpler ones. When choosing among translations, select based on the desired level of formality and specificity.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "опухший" without proper inflection, e.g., saying "опухший нога" instead of "опухшая нога". Correct: опухшая нога. Explanation: Russian adjectives must match the noun's gender (here, feminine); this is a common mistake for English learners who treat adjectives as invariable.

• Error: Confusing "набухший" with "опухший" in formal writing, leading to incorrect tone. Correct: Use "опухший" for precise medical terms. Explanation: "Набухший" is more casual and can sound imprecise in professional contexts, potentially undermining clarity.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "опухший" often appear in folk medicine or literature, reflecting historical experiences with harsh winters and injuries. For instance, swelling (e.g., from cold or accidents) is a common theme in Russian folktales, symbolizing resilience or vulnerability, which adds a layer of emotional depth to its usage beyond mere physical description.

Related Concepts:

• отёк (otyeok) - Swelling
• воспаление (vosplanenie) - Inflammation
• раздувание (razduvanie) - Inflation or expansion