Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'transude'

English Word: transude

Key Russian Translations:

• просачиваться [prəˈsætʃɪvətsə] - [Formal, Intransitive Verb]
• проникать [prəˈnʲikətʲ] - [Formal, Often used in scientific contexts]

Frequency: Low (This word and its translations are not commonly used in everyday conversation, appearing more in technical or medical literature.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian verb conjugations and nuanced vocabulary, though basic forms are accessible to learners beyond A2 level.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

просачиваться: [prəˈsætʃɪvətsə]

Note on просачиваться: The stress falls on the second syllable, and the 'ч' sound is a soft palatal fricative, which can be challenging for English speakers. It often has a reflexive form.

Audio: []

проникать: [prəˈnʲikətʲ]

Note on проникать: The 'нʲ' indicates a palatalized 'n', common in Russian verbs; pronounce it softly as in "new" but shorter.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To ooze or pass gradually through pores or small openings (e.g., liquids in a medical or scientific context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• просачиваться - Used in contexts describing slow, natural seepage, such as in biology or everyday observations.
• проникать - Applied when emphasizing penetration through barriers, often in more formal or technical settings.

Usage Examples:

• Вода начала просачиваться через трещины в стене.

  Water began to transude through the cracks in the wall.

• Жидкость просачивается в ткани, вызывая повреждения.

  The liquid is transuding into the fabric, causing damage.

• В лабораторных условиях мы наблюдаем, как вещество проникает через мембрану.

  In laboratory conditions, we observe how the substance transudes through the membrane.

• Потеки просачивались по потолку после дождя.

  Drips were transuding down the ceiling after the rain.

• Газ начал проникает в систему, что привело к утечке.

  The gas started to transude into the system, leading to a leak.

Meaning 2: Figurative use, such as ideas or emotions seeping into one's mind (less common)

Translation(s) & Context:

• проникать - Used metaphorically in literary or psychological contexts, implying deep influence.

Usage Examples:

• Идеи начали проникаать в его сознание во время чтения книги.

  Ideas began to transude into his consciousness while reading the book.

• Эмоции просачивались в разговор, делая его эмоциональным.

  Emotions transuded into the conversation, making it emotional.

• Вдохновение проникает в работу художника постепенно.

  Inspiration transudes into the artist's work gradually.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are verbs and follow standard Russian conjugation patterns. "Просачиваться" is an imperfective, reflexive verb, while "проникать" is imperfective and can be used transitively or intransitively.

Note: These verbs are irregular in their stems for certain forms, and "просачиваться" requires the reflexive particle "-ся", which does not change.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • протекать (protekat) - Similar to leaking, but more general; often used for fluids.
  • вытекать (vytekat) - Implies flowing out, with a slight emphasis on direction.
• Antonyms:
  • задерживать (zaderzhivat) - To hold back or prevent passage.
  • блокировать (blokirovat) - To block or obstruct.

Related Phrases:

• Просачиваться через поры - Transuding through pores; used in medical contexts.
• Проникать в ткани - Penetrating into tissues; common in scientific descriptions.
• Вода просачивается в грунт - Water transudes into the soil; everyday environmental phrase.

Usage Notes:

"Просачиваться" is the most direct equivalent to "transude" in Russian, emphasizing a slow, passive process, and is preferred in formal or technical writing. "Проникать" can be used interchangeably but often implies a more active or intentional penetration. Be cautious with context: in medical texts, these verbs align closely with English, but in casual speech, simpler alternatives like "протекать" might be used. Always consider the imperfective aspect for ongoing actions, and pair with prepositions like "через" (through) for accuracy.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "проходить" (to pass through) instead of "просачиваться", thinking they are synonyms.

  Correct: "Вода просачивается через фильтр" (Water transudes through the filter) vs. Incorrect: "Вода проходит через фильтр" (which means "water passes through" more generally, without the seepage connotation).

  Explanation: "Проходить" doesn't capture the gradual oozing; it suggests straightforward movement.

• Error: Forgetting the reflexive "-ся" in "просачиваться" and using it as "просачивать", which changes the meaning to a transitive action.

  Correct: "Жидкость просачивается" (The liquid transudes). Incorrect: "Жидкость просачивает" (implies causing something to seep, which is not standard).

  Explanation: This alters the verb's intransitive nature, leading to grammatical errors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian literature and scientific writing, terms like "просачиваться" often appear in descriptions of natural processes, reflecting Russia's emphasis on environmental and medical sciences. For instance, in works by authors like Chekhov, such vocabulary highlights subtle, everyday phenomena, underscoring a cultural appreciation for observing the minutiae of life.

Related Concepts:

• протечка (protechka) - Leak
• инфильтрация (infiltratsiya) - Infiltration
• сечение (sechenie) - Seepage