Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'toleration'

English Word: toleration

Key Russian Translations:

• терпимость /tʲɪrˈpʲiməsʲtʲ/ - [Formal, used in philosophical or social contexts]
• толерантность /təlʲɛˈrantnəsʲtʲ/ - [Formal, influenced by English loanwords, often in modern discussions]

Frequency: Medium (Common in academic and social discourse, but not everyday casual speech)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of abstract concepts and noun inflections; for терпимость, B2; for толерантность, B1 due to its more straightforward adoption)

Pronunciation (Russian):

терпимость: /tʲɪrˈpʲiməsʲtʲ/

Note on терпимость: The stress falls on the second syllable ("pʲim"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the palatalized consonants; it may sound like "tyer-PEE-muhs-ty".

толерантность: /təlʲɛˈrantnəsʲtʲ/

Note on толерантность: This word has a more phonetic similarity to English "tolerance," with stress on the third syllable ("rant"), making it easier for learners.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The act of allowing or enduring something, often with patience or acceptance.

Translation(s) & Context:

• терпимость - Used in formal settings, such as ethical discussions or historical contexts, emphasizing endurance without approval.
• толерантность - Applied in contemporary, multicultural scenarios, implying active acceptance and respect, often in policy or education.

Usage Examples:

• В современном обществе терпимость к разным мнениям способствует миру и гармонии.

  In modern society, toleration of different opinions promotes peace and harmony.

• История показывает, что толерантность может предотвратить конфликты между культурами.

  History shows that toleration can prevent conflicts between cultures.

• Родители должны учить детей терпимости к ошибкам, чтобы они развивались.

  Parents should teach children toleration of mistakes so that they can grow.

• В демократических странах толерантность является ключевым принципом социального порядка.

  In democratic countries, toleration is a key principle of social order.

• Несмотря на разногласия, терпимость позволяет людям жить вместе в мире.

  Despite disagreements, toleration allows people to live together in peace.

Broader philosophical or legal sense, e.g., religious toleration.

Translation(s) & Context:

• терпимость - In historical or legal contexts, such as religious freedom.
• толерантность - More common in modern legal frameworks, like anti-discrimination laws.

Usage Examples:

• Религиозная терпимость была ключевым достижением Просвещения в Европе.

  Religious toleration was a key achievement of the Enlightenment in Europe.

• Толерантность в образовании помогает бороться с предрассудками.

  Toleration in education helps combat prejudices.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "терпимость" and "толерантность" are feminine nouns in Russian, belonging to the third declension. They follow standard patterns for abstract nouns but have some irregularities in certain cases. Below is a table for "терпимость" as an example; "толерантность" follows similar rules.

For "толерантность," the inflections are nearly identical, e.g., Genitive: толерантности. These nouns do not change in gender or number irregularly, but learners should note the soft endings in cases like Instrumental.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • снисходительность (more lenient, implying forgiveness)
  • терпеливость (focuses on patience in interpersonal relations)
• Antonyms:
  • нетерпимость (intolerance, direct opposite in social contexts)
  • неприятие (rejection, emphasizing refusal)

Related Phrases:

• Практика терпимости - Practice of toleration; refers to applying tolerant attitudes in daily life.
• Культура толерантности - Culture of toleration; used in discussions about societal norms and education.
• Принцип терпимости - Principle of toleration; common in philosophical or legal texts.

Usage Notes:

"Терпимость" closely aligns with the English "toleration" in its historical and philosophical sense, often implying a passive endurance, whereas "толерантность" is more active and influenced by Western concepts. Use "терпимость" in formal essays or when discussing endurance without endorsement. Be cautious with context: in Russian, these words can carry connotations of cultural or political sensitivity. For learners, choose based on the scenario—e.g., "толерантность" for modern inclusivity discussions. Grammatically, always treat them as feminine nouns and inflect accordingly in sentences.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "терпимость" with "терпение" (patience): Error - Using "терпимость" when meaning simple waiting (e.g., "Я имею терпимость в пробке" - incorrect). Correct: "Я имею терпение в пробке." Explanation: "Терпимость" implies tolerance of ideas or people, not just waiting.
• Misinflecting the noun: Error - Saying "терпимостьы" in plural (non-standard). Correct: Use "терпимости" for plural nominative. Explanation: Russian nouns like this follow specific declension rules; always check the case table.
• Overusing in informal speech: Error - Using "толерантность" casually (e.g., in everyday conversations). Correct: Reserve it for formal contexts; in casual talk, say "быть терпимым." Explanation: This can sound pretentious if not appropriate.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "терпимость" has roots in historical events like the religious reforms under Peter the Great, emphasizing endurance amid diversity. However, "толерантность" gained prominence post-Soviet era, influenced by global human rights movements, reflecting Russia's evolving stance on multiculturalism. It's often tied to debates on nationalism, making it a sensitive topic in contemporary society.

Related Concepts:

• Терпение
• Принятие
• Уважение